一株高效原油降解菌的分离鉴定和降解特性研究

Isolation,identification and degradation characteristics of an efficient crude oil degrading bacterium

原油泄漏及盐渍化土壤的原油污染问题日益严重,高浓度原油及高盐条件下微生物活性受到抑制,生物修复技术难以广泛应用。由辽河油田原油污染土壤中分离得到1株高效原油降解菌TG-1,经鉴定为红球菌属(Rhodococcus);菌株在无机盐培养基中对6%质量分数的原油7 d降解率高达95.6%,对直链烷烃、姥鲛烷及植烷的降解率均在90%以上;在1%~6%(10~60 g/L)盐浓度下,原油降解率均在65%以上;对盐质量分数为3%及5%的原油污染土壤15 d原油降解率分别为79.3%及60.7%。结果表明,菌株TG-1表现出较好的耐盐性及高效原油降解效率,具有修复原油污染盐渍化土壤的应用潜力。

Crude oil leakage and crude oil polluted saline soil problems are becoming more and more serious.Microbial activity is inhibited under high-concentration crude oil and high-salt conditions,resulting in inapplicability of bioremediation technology.A high-efficiency crude oil degrading bacterium TG-1 is isolated from crude oil contaminated soil in Liaohe Oilfield,China,which is identified as Rhodococcus sp.Degradation rate of the strain to crude oil with a concentration of 6% by mass in the inorganic salt medium is as high as 95.6%.Degradation rates of linear alkanes,pristane and phytane by it all exceed 90%.Degradation rate of crude oil exceeds 65% at a salt concentration of 1%-6%(10-60 g·L^(-1)).For the soil containing 3% and 5% of crude oil,degradation rates of crude oil by TG-1 strain can reach 79.3% and 60.7%,respectively within 15 days.It is shown that TG-1 strain exhibits good salt tolerance and high degradation efficiency to crude oil,and has the potential to repair crude oil contaminated saline soil.