幼儿园教师融合教育胜任力的问卷编制及初步应用

Development and Preliminary Application of the Questionnaire on Inclusive Education Competence for Kindergarten Teachers

幼儿园教师的融合教育胜任力对于提升学前融合教育质量至关重要。本研究以950名有融合教育经验的在岗专任教师为研究对象,编制了《幼儿园教师融合教育胜任力问卷》。探索性因素分析发现幼儿园教师融合教育胜任力包括辅具使用、言行鼓励、家园沟通、环境改变、行为支持、预设调整6个维度。验证性因素分析表明此6维度模型数据拟合较好,问卷的信度和效度均达到心理测量学要求。利用该问卷对363名幼儿园教师进行调查,结果表明当前幼儿园教师的融合教育胜任力总体水平较高;融合幼儿园教师的胜任力水平显著高于非融合幼儿园教师;普通学前儿童家长的融合教育态度不同,其所在班级的教师胜任力也存在显著差异。为提升幼儿园教师的融合教育胜任力水平,国家应设置学前融合教育资源教师岗位,幼儿园教师资格证考试应适度增加学前融合教育内容,以此保障学前融合教育的师资。同时,幼儿园应注意在家园合作中渗透融合教育价值观,提高普通儿童家长对学前融合教育的接受度,使其支持班级教师开展融合教育。

The inclusive education competence of teachers is very important to improve the quality of preschool inclusive education.950 full-time teachers with inclusive education experience were selected as the research objects and the kindergarten teachers’competence questionnaire for inclusive education was developed.The exploratory factor analysis indicated that kindergarten teachers’inclusive education competence includes six aspects:the use of adaptive devices correctly,classroom language and behaviors for encouragement,home-kindergarten communication,inclusive environmental change,special behavior support and preset target modification.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the data of the six-dimensional model fitted well,and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire met the requirements of psychometrics.363 kindergarten teachers with or without inclusive experience were selected as the questionnaire subjects.The results showed that the level of kindergarten teachers’inclusive education competency was high.The competency of kindergarten teachers with inclusive experience was significantly better than those without inclusive experience.Parents’different attitudes towards inclusive education also had great impact on teachers’inclusive education competence.In order to improve the competency level of kindergarten teachers in inclusive education,government should set up special inclusive education resource teacher position in kindergarten,and the content of preschool inclusive education should be added to the kindergarten teacher qualification examination Kindergarten should promote parents’acceptance of inclusive education in class.