小班幼儿入园适应现状与提升对策

On Young Children’s Kindergarten Adaptation

良好的入园适应不仅可以帮助小班幼儿获得更好的在园体验,而且会影响小班幼儿心理与行为的长远发展。本研究从活动适应、人际关系适应、角色适应3个方面调查小班幼儿入园适应现状,结果发现小班幼儿能够较快地适应幼儿园的各项活动,但会受到教师活动组织水平、环境丰富性以及个体差异的影响;能够较快地适应师幼关系和同伴关系,但会受到教师的情感支持和同伴支持水平的影响;能够较快地适应新角色,但会受到教师、同伴和家长角色期望的影响。为提升小班幼儿的入园适应水平,幼儿园应为小班幼儿构建和谐多元的人际关系,提供丰富适宜的活动,并开展多样化的入园适应工作。

Good kindergarten adaptation can not only help children get a better experience in kindergarten,but also support the long-term development of children’s psychology and behavior.Children can adapt to various activities in kindergarten quickly,but it is affected by teachers’activity organization level,environmental richness and individual differences.They can adapt to the teacher-child relationship and peer relationship quickly,but it is affected by teachers’emotional support and peer support level.They can adapt quickly to new roles,but it is influenced by the role expectations of teachers,peers,and parents.Kindergarten can improve children’s adaptation level by building harmonious interpersonal relationship,providing abundant and appropriate activities and carrying out diversified preparatory work.