基于四误差项随机前沿分析方法的火力发电上市公司技术效率研究

Research on Technical Efficiency of Thermal Power Listed Companies Based on Four-error Component Stochastic Frontier Analysis

火力发电上市公司在电力供应逐渐富余和碳减排政策影响下,提高效率已经成为其亟待解决的问题。研究采用四误差项随机前沿分析方法对2007—2018年间17家火力发电上市公司的技术效率进行了评估,并分析了所有制结构和电力出厂价格指数对于技术效率值的影响。结果表明,我国火力发电上市公司的技术效率仍有较大提升空间,并且央企相较于地方企业有着更高的效率,而电力出厂价格指数对于火电企业提高效率有着强烈的激励作用。研究最后针对实证研究结果提出了建议:政府应该优化煤电联动政策并坚持实行“上大压小”政策,鼓励和引导其他资本对发电侧的投资。

With the surplus of electricity supply and the influence of carbon emission reduction policies,the efficiency improvement of thermal power listed companies has become an urgent problem to be solved.This study used the four-error component Stochastic Frontier Analysis to evaluate the technical efficiency of 17 listed thermal power companies from 2007 to 2018,and analyzed the influence of ownership structure and electricity ex-factory price index on the technical efficiency.The result shows that the technical efficiency of China's thermal power listed companies still has much room for improvement,and central enterprises have higher efficiency than local enterprises,while the electricity ex-factory price index has a strong incentive effect on thermal power enterprises to improve their efficiency.At the end of the study,some suggestions are put forward:the government should optimize the coal-electricity linkage policy and continue to encourage enterprises to obtain higher technical efficiency by expanding the scale of enterprises.