美国本科教育中学生评价历史的主题变迁

The Thematic Change of Student Assessment Research and Practice in American Undergraduate Education

美国本科教育中学生评价的研究与实践呈现出明显的历史性变化特征,经历了"以教师为主体的测验与测量""以学生为中心的赋权与反馈"和"以教育效能为对象的管理与改进"的主题变迁。目前,美国已在本科教育层面构建起了以学生为中心,包括国家、州、院校、专业和课程等多个层面直指院校教育效能的学生评价体系,能够有效诊断学生学习、教师教学和管理者决策中的问题。在推进一流本科教育建设的当下,借鉴美国本科教育中学生评价发展的经验,建构科学合理的学生评价体系至关重要。

Student assessment research and practice in American undergraduate education have experienced thematic change from teacher-centered test and measurement,student-centered empowerment and feedback,to management and improvement of institutional education effectiveness.At present,the United States has built a student-centered student assessment system within undergraduate education,which directly addresses the educational effectiveness of colleges and universities at various levels,including national,state,college,major and curriculum.In order to promote the construction of world first-class undergraduate education in China,Chinese researchers and practitioners should take student assessment into consideration and learn from American experience to build a scientific and reasonable student assessment system.