众创空间对大学生创客团队创新绩效的影响及机制研究

Research on the Effect and Mechanism of“Makerspace”on the Innovation Performance of College Students’Maker Teams

作为高校开展创新创业活动的重要载体,众创空间对于提升大学生创客团队创新绩效发挥着关键作用。从个体创造力与团队整体特性的理论视角出发,聚焦众创空间如何影响大学生创客团队创新绩效这一核心问题,探究众创空间对大学生创客团队创新绩效的影响效果及作用路径与机制,为科学高效地发挥众创空间的孵化作用提供理论参考和实证依据。以入驻高校众创空间的172个大学生创客团队共1296名大学生创客为研究对象,采用问卷调查法,通过结构方程模型的实证分析,验证了众创空间影响大学生创客团队创新绩效的3条路径及影响机制,即众创空间能够直接显著地影响团队创新绩效,还能通过成员创造力的中介路径和团队创造互动过程与团队凝聚力组成的链式中介路径影响团队创新绩效。基于实证调查数据,得出如下结论:(1)众创空间提供的软、硬件支持不足,且团队特征的异质性能显著影响众创空间平台支持效果;(2)众创空间对大学生创客团队创新绩效的直接效应大于间接效应;(3)团队规模、成员学校及学科来源结构会影响众创空间与大学生创客团队创新绩效之间的中介路径效应。

As an important carrier of innovation and entrepreneurship activities in colleges and universities,Makerspace plays a key role in improving the innovation performance of college student maker team.From the theoretical perspective of individual creativity and team overall characteristics,focusing on the core issue of the Makerspace affecting the innovation performance of college student maker team,the effect,path and mechanism of Makerspace on the innovation performance of college student maker team were explored,providing theoretical references and empirical basis for scientifically and effectively playing the incubation role of Makerspace.Choosing a total of 1296 college student makers as the research object,which came from 172 college student maker teams,the method of questionnaire survey and the empirical analysis of structural equation model were used to verify the three paths and influence mechanism of Makerspace affecting the innovation performance of college student maker team,that is,Makerspace can directly and significantly affect the team innovation performance,and it also can influence the team innovation performance through the intermediary path of memver creativity and chain mediation path of team creation interaction process and team cohesion.Based on the empirical survey data,the following conclusions were drawn:the software and hardware support provided by Makerspace is insufficient,and the heterogeneous performance of team characteristics significantly affects the support effect of Makerspace platform;the direct effect of Makerspace on the innovation performance of college student maker team is greater than the indirect effect;the mediating path effect between Makerspace and creative team innovation performance is influenced by the size of maker team,members’educational structure and the subject source structure.