岩溶槽谷区农村人口与耕地变化的时空耦合关系

Spatiotemporal Coupling Relationship Between Rural Population and Farmland Change in Karst Trough Valley Area

探讨岩溶槽谷区农村人口与耕地变化的时空耦合规律,揭示农村人地关系转型过程,为岩溶槽谷区农地管理、生态修复和乡村振兴等提供科学参考。利用岩溶槽谷区典型县印江县农村人口和耕地数据,基于弹性系数模型等方法,对印江县农村人口与耕地的时空演变特征、耦合关系和驱动因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)岩溶槽谷区农村人口和耕地总体上呈现先增加后减少的态势,人均耕地面积出现先减少后增加的趋势。(2)岩溶槽谷区农村人口和耕地变化的时空耦合关系经历了从失调型向协调型的转型过程。1990年之前,岩溶槽谷区村域主要为失调型,以Ⅰ类和Ⅷ类为主;1990年之后村域主要为协调型,以Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类为主,人地关系趋于协调。(3)根据2000—2016年农村人口和耕地变化的耦合关系,将岩溶槽谷区村域划分为4个类型,各类型区结合耦合类型特征、自然地理条件和社会经济发展等因素,科学协调农村人口和耕地的关系。研究结果揭示了近60年来岩溶槽谷区农村人口和耕地时空耦合关系变化明显,农村人地关系已发生转型,在岩溶槽谷区未来耕地发展方向、土地资源配置和生态修复方面应该顺应这种转型趋势,促进乡村振兴、构建人地和谐的乡村人地关系。

This paper is to explore the spatial-temporal coupling characteristics between the rural population in karst trough valley area and its cultivated land area, and reveal the transformation process of man-land relationship, so as to provide scientific reference for agricultural land regulation, ecological restoration, and rural revitalization in this area. Taking the classical area Yinjiang County as an example, we analyzed the features of the population and farmland change trend in Yinjiang, its spatial-temporal coupling relationship features and its driving forces behind by making use of the demographic data and land data in Yinjiang, during which the elastic coefficient model was employed. The results show that:(1) as a whole, the rural population and farmland in the karst trough valley area increased first and then decreased;the per capita arable land area decreased first and then increased;(2) the spatiotemporal coupling relationship between the rural population and farmland change in the karst trough valley experienced the dynamics from being unbalanced to being balanced;before 1990, the villages in the karst trough valleys were mainly unbalanced development, particularly with the unbalanced development type ofⅠand Ⅷ;after 1990, the trend was a balanced development type, with the balanced development type of Ⅳ and Ⅴ;the man-land relationship tended to be coordinated;(3) according to the coupling relationship of population and farmland change during 2000—2016, the karst trough valley area was divided into four types;each type scientifically coordinated the relationship between rural population and farmland by combining factors such as the characteristics of coupling types, natural geographical conditions and social and economic development. These results reveal significant changes of spatiotemporal coupling relationship between rural population and farmland in the karst trough valley area in the past nearly 60 years. The transition of the man-land relationship in rural areas has been come into being. With the above results, it is highly suggested that the farmland planning, the land resources distribution and the ecological restoration in the future should follow this trend in the karst trough valley area, so that the rural revitalization and a harmonious man-land relationship could be achieved.