新时期动词新义考察

On new verbs and new meanings

本文根据《现代汉语词典》(第6版)收录情况排查出仍未收录的动词新义,从全新动词、旧词新义、旧词新用的不同类型来考察动词新义的词义扩大与多义性特点,以及动词向双音节靠拢的趋势。动词新义一方面通过撷取语素、缩略、类推方式产生新义与新用,在新时期社会需求下,使用者求新求异,语言自行调节;另一方面还受到古汉语、方言、外来语的影响,有的词语还借由修辞手段或者带有修辞色彩为词汇增色。

This research studies the new verbs or meanings which are not included in Modern Chinese Dictionary(6th edition)as the research subject.We divided the examples we found in the dictionary into three types:new verbs,new meanings and new usage,based on which we investigate the expansion of new verbs,polysemy and the tendency of double-syllables.On one hand,new verbs obtain new meaning and new usages by morpheme selection,abbreviation,analogy.With the new social demand,language users seek different usages and make language adjust itself.On the other hand,by the influences of ancient Chinese,dialects,loan words and rhetoric,new verbs exhibit a dynamic situation.