燕山丘陵温热区宜机收玉米品种配套技术研究

Research on the Matching Technical Models of Maize Varieties Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting in Hot Hilly Areas of Yanshan

为了解决春玉米生产中存在的耐密宜机收品种缺乏、机械化程度低及配套关键技术不完善等导致的春玉米生产效率低的问题,于2019年在赤峰市农牧科学研究院试验基地开展宜机收品种迪卡159、金科玉3308、利禾5及相关配套技术的集成研究。结果表明:迪卡159采用全膜双垄沟播膜下滴灌种植模式、种植密度为9.0万株/hm^(2)时,田间落穗损失率、落粒损失率和倒伏率分别为3.37%、0.54%和1.32%,且产量和经济效益最高,分别为14121.0 kg/hm^(2)和16014.9元/hm^(2)。燕山丘陵温热区宜机收品种迪卡159和金科玉3308适宜采用全膜双垄沟播(40~80 cm)、膜下滴灌和种植密度为9.0万株/hm^(2)的机械籽粒直收配套栽培模式。研究结果可为本地区春玉米籽粒直收技术提供理论参考和技术支撑。

In order to solve the problems of low production efficiency of spring maize caused by the lack of density-tolerant and suitable machine harvesting varieties,low degree of mechanization and imperfect key technologies in spring maize production,the integration research of suitable machine harvesting varieties Dika 159,Jinkeyu 3308,Lihe 5 and related technologies was carried out in the experimental site of Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences in2019.The results showed that when the planting density of Dika 159 was 90000 plants/hm^(2),the panicle loss rate,grain loss rate and lodging rate were 3.37%,0.54% and 1.32%,respectively,and the yield and economic benefit were the highest,which were 14121.0 and 16014.9 yuan/hm^(2),respectively.Dika 159 and Jinkeyu 3308,which are suitable for mechanical harvest in the warm and hot hilly areas of Yanshan,are suitable for full-film double-ridge furrow sowing(40-80 cm),drip irrigation under plastic film and mechanical grain direct harvest with a planting density of 90000 plants/hm^(2).The research results provides the theoretical reference and technical support for the direct harvest technology of spring maize in this region.