新植蔗间作不同绿肥压青还田的试验研究及经济效益分析

Experimental study and Economic Benefit Analysis of Different Green Manures Intercropping and Green Manure Returning in Newly Planted Sugarcane

为探讨减施化肥条件下,间作绿肥压青还田对甘蔗生长的影响及化肥的替代作用。试验设计了6个处理,处理1(CK):甘蔗常规施肥;处理2(H-LY):化肥减施25%+12%营养元素当量绿豆绿肥还田+13%营养元素当量有机肥;处理3(H-LQ):化肥减施25%+全量绿豆绿肥还田;处理4(H-Y):化肥减施25%+25%营养元素当量有机肥;处理5(H-HD):化肥减施25%+25%营养元素当量黑豆绿肥还田;处理6(H-HQ):化肥减施25%+全量黑豆绿肥还田。研究结果表明,间作绿豆绿肥和黑豆绿肥在生育前期甘蔗的分蘖和甘蔗总苗数都较常规处理降低,间作黑豆还降低了甘蔗的叶片宽度。甘蔗化肥减施25%条件下,间作绿豆绿肥全量还田、12%营养元素当量间作绿豆绿肥还田+13%营养元素当量有机肥替代的蔗茎产量和经济效益均达到常规对照水平。但间作黑豆压青还田导致甘蔗减产,降低经济效益。兼顾甘蔗产量、经济效益、资源消耗及蔗地的地力提升各方面,甘蔗间作绿豆绿肥全量还田可以替代25%的甘蔗化肥,是值得推广的一种模式。

In order to study the effect of intercropping green manure and green manure returning to the fields on sugarcane growth and the substitution of chemical fertilizer under the condition of reducing fertilizer application,six treatment was designed,including conventional fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizer reduction 25%+12% nutrient equivalent mung bean green manure return to field+13% nutrient equivalent organic manure(H-LY),chemical fertilizer reduction25%+full mung bean green manure return to field(H-LQ),chemical fertilizer reduction 25%+25% nutrient equivalent organic manure(H-Y),chemical fertilizer reduction 25%+25% nutrient equivalent black bean green manure return to field(H-HD),chemical fertilizer reduction 25%+full black bean green manure return to field(H-HQ).The results showed that intercropping mungbean green manure and black bean green manure reduced the tillering and total seedling number of sugarcane,and the leaf width of sugarcane was reduce by intercropping with black bean green manure.There were no difference on the yield and economic benefit between conventional fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizer reduction 25%+12% nutrient equivalent mung bean green manure return to field+13% nutrient equivalent organic manure(H-LY),chemical fertilizer reduction25%+full mung bean green manure return to field(H-LQ),chemical fertilizer reduction 25%+25% nutrient equivalent organic manure(H-Y).But intercropping black bean green manure return to the field resulted in reduced sugarcane yield and economic benefit.Considering all aspects of sugarcane yield,economic benefit,resource consume and land capacity improvement,sugarcane intercropping mung bean green manure returned to the field is a model worth popularizing,it could replace 25% of sugarcane chemical fertilizer.