疫情防控期间医护人员职业压力及其影响因素

Analysis of occupational stress and its influencing factors of medical staff under epidemic prevention and control

目的疫情防控期间,调查山东省内不同地区不同科室临床一线医护工作人员的职业压力水平,分析医护人员职业压力影响因素,旨在为职业压力体系构建提供依据。方法采用工作压力测量量表、职业幸福感量表、心理弹性量表对急诊、呼吸内科、ICU等10个科室338名医护人员进行问卷调查。结果共发放问卷338份,回收338份,问卷有效回收率为100%。工作压力评分(33.40±6.85)分,职业幸福感评分(83.82±15.50)分,心理弹性评分(36.18±7.20)分。工作压力与心理弹性、职业幸福感及各维度均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.405,-0.406,-0.445,-0.267,-0.216,-0.289,-0.278)。单因素分析结果显示:不同性别、婚姻状况、年龄、学历、职业、工作年限、职称、职务、科室及目前的工作地点工作压力比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。逐步线性回归分析结果显示:职业、学历、目前工作地点、心理弹性及职业幸福感中身心健康和经济收入是医护人员职业压力的主要影响因素。结论医护人员的职业压力较高,医院应从职业、学历、工作科室等主要影响因素入手,关注医护人员身心健康,减轻医护人员身心压力,以此更好地完善突发公共卫生应急管理体系,为医疗安全质量提供更多保障。

Objective In the event of epidemic prevention and control,to investigate the occupation pressure level of the frontline clinical medical staff in Shandong province,and to analyze the occupation pressure factors of the medical staff,aiming to provide the basis for occupation pressure system construction.Methods 338 medical and nursing staff from 10 departments including emergency department,respiratory department and ICU were investigated with work stress scale,occupational well-being scale and Connor-Davidson resilience scale.Results A total of 338 questionnaires were sent out and 338 were recovered.The effective recovery rate was 100%.The score of working pressure was(33.40±6.85),occupational well-being(83.82±15.50)and psychological resilience(36.18±7.20).Work stress was negatively correlated with resilience,occupational well-being and other dimensions(r-values were-0.405,-0.406,-0.445,-0.267,-0.216,-0.289,-0.278,respectively).The results of single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in work pressure among different genders,marital status,age,education background,occupation,working years,professional titles,positions,departments and current working places(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that:occupation,education background,current work place,physical and mental health,economic income in the scale of occupational well-being and psychological flexibility were the main influencing factors of work stress.Conclusion Under the novel coronavirus pneumonia incident,occupation pressure of medical staff is generally high,which suggests that hospitals should pay attention to the physical and mental health of medical staff,and relieve the physical and mental health of medical staff from the aspects of occupation,education and work departments,,so as to better improve emergency management system of public health and provide more protection for medical safety quality.