酒精依赖相关基因多态性研究进展

Research progress on alcohol dependence related genetic polymorphism

酒精依赖相关基因在表型上是复杂且可遗传的,它的遗传性约为表型总变异性的50%~60%。酒精依赖可能是受多基因遗传及环境因素的相互影响从而表现出遗传异质性。这种异质性使其成为在定位和鉴定影响酒精依赖的特定基因方面构成重大挑战,因此研究相关基因的遗传多态性有助于该疾病鉴别和个体化治疗。本文主要回顾了近年来酒精依赖相关的酒精代谢关键酶、神经递质作用调节酶和受体等基因遗传多态性研究进展,以期为个体化治疗酒精依赖提供理论依据。

Alcohol dependence is complex and heritable in phenotype,and its heritability is estimated to be about 50%~60%of the total phenotypic variability.Alcohol dependence may be affected by the interaction of polygenetic and environmental factors,thus showing genetic heterogeneity.Heterogeneity makes it a major challenge in locating and identifying specific genes that affect alcohol dependence.Therefore,studying genetic polymorphisms of related genes is helpful to identify the disease and individualized treatment.This study mainly reviewed the progress of the key enzyme genes of alcohol metabolism related to alcohol dependence and the genetic polymorphisms of neurotransmitter regulating enzymes and receptor genes in recent years,which will provide a theoretical basis for individualized treatment of alcohol dependence.