78份四川小麦育成品种(系)条锈病抗性鉴定与抗条锈病基因分子检测

Identification of resistance to wheat and molecular detection of resistance genes to wheat stripe rust of 78 wheat cultivars(lines)in Sichuan province

四川省是小麦条锈菌新小种产生的重要地区之一,了解2016年以来四川小麦育成品种(系)对当前流行的条锈菌生理小种和致病类型的抗性水平以及明确其抗条锈病基因的分布状况,可为四川育种防控小麦抗条锈病和品种布局提供理论依据。本研究选择2个小种CYR32和CYR34对78份四川小麦育成品种(系)进行苗期鉴定,利用当前小麦条锈菌优势小种CYR32、CYR33、CYR34,以及贵22-14、贵农致病类群等混合菌进行成株期人工接种鉴定,并利用19个抗条锈病QTL和基因QYr.nwafu-4BL、Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr36、Yr39、Yr41、Yr48、Yr65、Yr67、Yr78、Yr80和Yr81的分子标记对供试材料进行抗条锈病基因检测。结果表明,在78份供试材料的苗期鉴定中,对CYR32表现出抗性的有60份,占76.92%;对CYR34表现出抗性的有40份,占51.28%;同时对CYR32和CYR34表现抗性的有36份,占46.15%。78份小麦品种(系)在成株期均表现抗条锈病,其中绵麦835、蜀麦1743、蜀麦1829和蜀麦1868表现为免疫。苗期和成株期抗病性鉴定结果表明,成株期抗性材料有42份,占53.85%;全生育期抗性材料有36份,占46.15%。分子检测结果表明,可能携带QYr.nwafu-4BL、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr39、Yr41、Yr65、Yr67、Yr78、Yr80和Yr81的材料分别有5、5、45、2、30、5、30、39、3、2、22、8、23、6和24份。同时携带2~6个抗条锈病基因的聚合材料分别有24、22、11、14和3份,占94.87%。所有供试品种(系)均未检测到Yr5、Yr10、Yr36和Yr48,仅西科麦18未检测到上述19个抗条锈病基因,可能携带其他已知或新的条锈病抗性基因。本研究鉴定了78份四川小麦育成品种(系)对条锈病抗性水平整体较好,明确了其携带的抗条锈病基因,为利用其培育持久抗性小麦品种提供了科学依据。

Sichuan province is one of the main origins of new races of the wheat stripe rust pathogen.To understand the resistance level of wheat cultivars(lines)bred in Sichuan since 2016 to the current predominant races of the pathogen and pathotypes and to clarify the distribution of resistance genes can provide a theoretical basis for the management of wheat stripe rust by breeding resistance wheat cultivars and wheat variety deployment in Sichuan.In this study,78 Sichuan wheat cultivars(lines)were identified at seedling stage by two races CYR32 and CYR34.At adult plant stage in wheat,the mixture of the current predominant races of CYR32,CYR33,CYR34,G22-14,and G22 pathogenic groups virulent to wheat cultivar Guinong 22 were artificially inoculated to assess the resistance of the tested wheat.Nineteen resistance genes and QTLs,including QYr.nwafu-4BL,Yr5,Yr10,Yr15,Yr17,Yr18,Yr26,Yr28,Yr29,Yr30,Yr36,Yr39,Yr41,Yr48,Yr65,Yr67,Yr78,Yr80,and Yr81,were detected the presence of the resistance genes in all tested materials.The results showed that 60(76.92%)of the 78 tested materials were resistant to CYR32,40(51.28%)resistant to CYR34,and 36(46.15%)resistant to both races at seedling stage.Seventy-eight wheat materials were resistant to wheat stripe rust at adult stage,4 out of which,including Mianmai 835,Shumai 1743,Shumai 1829,and Shumai 1868,were immune to the disease.Disease resistance identification showed that 42(53.85%)exhibited adult plant resistance and 36(46.15%)were all stage resistant to wheat stripe rust.Molecular detection indicated that 5,5,45,2,30,5,30,39,3,2,22,8,23,6,and 24 carried the resistance gene QYr.nwafu-4BL,Yr15,Yr17,Yr18,Yr26,Yr28,Yr29,Yr30,Yr39,Yr41,Yr65,Yr67,Yr78,Yr80,and Yr81,respectively.Two to six resistance genes were detected in 24,22,11,14,and 3 of the tested wheat materials,accounting for 94.87%.Yr5,Yr10,Yr36,and Yr48 were not detected in all wheat cultivars(lines),and only Xikemai 18,not detected any of the 19 resistance genes mentioned above,presumably,may carried other known or new resistance genes to wheat stripe rust.In summary,that resistance level of 78 wheat cultivars(lines)to wheat stripe rust was identified,and the resistance genes of these cultivars were identified.These results provide scientific basis for breeding durable resistant wheat cultivar.