中国投掷运动员群体构成及地域分布特征研究

The Group Composition and Regional Distribution Characteristics of Chinese Throwing Athletes

文章对2019年中国田径注册投掷运动员群体构成及地域分布进行了统计分析,结果显示:中国投掷运动员群体年龄构成趋于青少年阶梯型非衡结构,以基础训练阶段、专项提高阶段和最佳竞技阶段人数居多,其总体性别比为174.05(以女性为100),男子明显多于女子,且分年龄性别比曲线波动幅度较小;各单项总体和男女人数按人数排序为:铅球>标枪>铁饼>链球,同一单项不同性别运动员人数男子明显多于女子;中国田径投掷运动员具有特有的项目发展适宜性区域,并呈现出一定的地域分布规律,依密度大小可分属为“密布地域”“间布地域”和“稀布地域”3类,且明显表现为:北方>南方,东部>西部,中部>西部,而东部与中部人数较为均衡,这种差异不仅与项目地域适宜性选材有关,还受各地区经济状况与文化科技等因素的影响。

This paper analyzes the composition and geographical distribution of China's track and field registered throwing athletes in 2019.The results show that the age composition of Chinese throwing athletes tends to be a stepped unbalanced structure of the youth,and the majority of the number is at the primary training stage,the special training stage,and the best competition stage.The overall gender ratio is 174.05(100 for female),the number of males is significantly more than that of females,and the fluctuation of the gender ratio curve is small.The total number of individuals and the respective number of males and females are all ranging as shot>javelin>wire cake>chalk ball.The number of males in the same sport is significantly higher than that of females.Moreover,Chinese track and field throwing athletes have unique suitable areas for project development and exhibit certain regional distribution.According to the density,the regional distribution can be divided into three types in terms of levels:“dense area”,“inter-dense area”,and“sparse area”.The density also shows the pattern North>South,East>West,Central>West,while the number of people in the east and central is more balanced.This difference is not only related to the selection of the project's regional suitability but also affected by factors such as the regional economy,culture,and technology.