防跌倒临床策略

Clinical strategies to prevent falls

头晕(dizziness)或眩晕(vertigo)为临床常见主诉,近期流行病学研究显示其在一般人群中的年患病率达14.8%[1],约2/3的头晕或眩晕系由外周前庭疾病所致[2]。前庭疾病患者常伴有外周前庭功能低下(peripheral vestibular hypofunction,PVH),PVH的准确发病率和患病率尚难以确定,患者可有眩晕、头晕、失衡等症状,因出现姿势不稳,患者发生跌倒的风险明显增加,跌倒相关性损伤或疾病的发生率和死亡率均较高[3]。

With the aging of population structure,the age-related balance dysfunction increases gradually,and the injuries related fall are increasing,which cause a serious social and economic burden.In addition,dizziness or vertigo is very common clinically,and these patients also have a higher risk of falling.In order to reduce the incidence of falls,targeted prevention measures are urgently needed.In this paper,the risk assessment,preventive measures and rehabilitation strategies of falls are systematically expounded,it is hoped that it will be helpful for the prevention and treatment of falls.