新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控期间汕头市中学生受欺凌行为及其心理健康状况研究

Bullying Behavior and Mental Health Status among Middle School Students in Shantou City during the COVID-19 Epidemic

目的了解新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控期间汕头市中学生受欺凌行为及其心理健康状况,为进一步开展中学生的心理干预、确保中学生心理健康提供参考和科学依据。方法2020年9月29日至11月30日,采用整群抽样方法,应用多维同伴伤害量表、人际反应指数量表及抑郁-焦虑-压力量表,统一方法调查并分析汕头市中学生在疫情期间受欺凌行为及心理健康状况。结果疫情期间,中学生受欺凌行为检出率为20.92%,其中身体受欺凌、关系受欺凌、言语受欺凌、财物受欺凌行为分别为9.80%、6.32%、13.41%、11.67%。不良情绪检出率为45.87%,其中心理压力、焦虑、抑郁检出率分别为15.91%、33.38%及33.18%。女生在共情各个维度得分均高于男生(P值均<0.001)。初中生在观点采择方面高于高中生(P<0.001)。公办学校学生在观点采择及总共情得分上高于民办学校学生(P<0.001)。遭受欺凌的学生在观点采择上得分低于未遭受欺凌的学生,而在个人痛苦方面结果则相反(P值均<0.01)。有心理不良情绪的学生在幻想、个人痛苦及共情得分上高于无心理不良情绪的学生(P值均<0.001)。男生受欺凌行为高于女生(OR=2.00,95%CI:1.52—2.63)。与初中生相比,高中生受欺凌行为(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.33—0.79)较少,但不良情绪较多(OR=1.42,95%CI:1.14—1.77)。民办学校学生均易遭受欺凌而成为受害者(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.03—2.62)。共情能力越高,学生越容易发生不良情绪(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01—1.02)。学生受欺凌行为及不良情绪互为危险因素(OR=3.39,95%CI:2.58—4.47;OR=3.29,95%CI:2.50—4.33)。结论新冠肺炎常态化防控期间,中学生受欺凌行为高于非疫情期,心理不良情绪高于疫情暴发初期。因此,学校应加强对中学生欺凌行为防治知识宣传及心理辅导。政府或教育部门应及时了解不同性别、年级、学校性质学生的健康需求及心理变化,制定并及时调整措施,科学引导,及时安抚,保障学生身心健康。

Objective To investigate bullying behavior and mental health status among middle school students in Shantou city during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic,and to provide scientific basis for psychological intervention of the problems.Methods From September 29 to November 30,2020 which were during the epidemic,bullying behavior and mental health status of middle school students in Shantou were evaluated using the Joseph Peer Bullying Scale,the Davis Empathy Scale(IRI-C)and the Depression-anxiety-stress(DASS-21)Scale.Results During the epidemic period,our study showed that 20.92% of the middle school students were bullied.The types of bullying were physical,relational,verbal and property,with the frequencies of 9.80%,6.32%,13.41%and 11.67%,respectively.The positive rate of negative emotion was 45.87%,among which the positive rates of psychological stress,anxiety and depression were 15.91%,33.38% and 33.18%,respectively.These frequencies were higher among female students than male students in all dimensions of empathy(all P<0.001).In addition,junior students were higher than senior students in perspective taking(P<0.001).Scores on the point of view of selection and of overall sentiment among students in public schools were higher than those in private schools(P<0.01).Students who had been bullied scored lower on opinion selection than those who had not been bullied,while the opposite was true in terms for personal distress(all P<0.01).The scores of fantasy,personal distress and empathy among students with psychological negative emotion were higher than those without negative emotional state(all P<0.001).Boys were more likely to be bullied than girls(OR=2.00,95%CI:1.52—2.63).Compared with junior high school students,senior high school students had lower levels of bullying behaviors(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.33—0.79),but had more negative emotions(OR=1.42,95%CI:1.14—1.77).Students in private schools were more likely to be bullied as victims(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.03—2.62).The higher the empathy ability,the more likely students were to have negative emotions(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01—1.02).Bullying behavior and negative emotion of students were regarded as risk factors for each other(OR=3.39,95%CI:2.58—4.47;OR=3.29,95%CI:2.50—4.33).Conclusions During the prevention and control period of COVID-19,bullying behaviors of middle school students were higher than that in non-epidemic period,and their unhealthy psychological emotions were higher than that in the initial outbreak period.Therefore,knowledge propaganda and psychological counseling should be carried out simultaneously during the epidemic period.In addition,government and educational departments should rapidly recognize the needs and psychological changes among students of different genders,different nature of school and different grades.Such knowledge would allow them to provide timely management and guidance which would ensure physical and mental health of students during the stressful epidemic period.