论电信网络诈骗犯罪中被害人错误的判断体系——以被害人教义学为视角

On the Wrong Judgment System of Victims in Telecom Network Fraud Crime——From the Perspective of Victim Doctrine

伴随着人工智能与大数据技术的发展,电信网络诈骗犯罪呈现发案率高、危害性大且犯罪类型多的特征。在司法实践中,并非只要被害人基于错误认识处分财物的行为,均被认定为诈骗罪。行为客观事实是否被认定为诈骗,还需从刑法教义学立场进行检视,从被害人自我保护和刑法最后手段原则展开研究。被害人教义学中的被害人错误认识与法益保护存在着一定的关联性,应多维度审视。由于被害人错误认识的差异性,因而决定着法益保护的范围与刑事处罚的范围也不同。司法实践中在考量诈骗犯罪事实时,应由单维视角转向二元主义视角,明晰被害人错误认识的程度,坚持刑法客观主义立场,遵从罪刑法定原则。

With the development of artificial intelligence and big data technology,telecom network fraud crimes are characterized by high incidence rate,great harm and various types.In judicial practice,not only the victim’s behavior of disposing of property based on wrong understanding is deemed as fraud.Whether the objective facts of the act are recognized as fraud or not still needs to be examined from the standpoint of the doctrine of criminal law and studied from the principles of victim’s self-protection and criminal law’s last resort.The misunderstanding of the victim in the doctrine of the victim is related to the protection of legal interests and should be examined from multiple perspectives.Due to the difference of victims’wrong understanding,the scope of legal interest protection and the scope of criminal punishment are also different.In judicial practice,when considering the facts of fraud crimes,we should shift from a one-dimensional perspective to a dualistic perspective,clarify the extent of the victims’wrong understanding,adhere to the objectivism position of criminal law,and abide by the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime.