论民事再审适用检察建议的机制完善

On the Mechanism Improvement of Applying Prosecutorial Suggestions in Civil Retrial

民事再审检察建议是一种柔性的检察监督形式,已被我国检察机关广泛践行。基于检察监督的周延性考量,民事再审检察建议在适用对象上宜扩展至与判决、裁定具有类似裁判性质的决定、命令等。在检察建议的适用级别上,宜打破"同级"之限制。除了认定事实错误的裁判文书宜采抗诉这一监督形式外,对于其他错误的裁判文书宜采检察建议的监督形式。在程序上,抗诉或再审检察建议不相互排斥,可并存适用,但都只能适用一次。当法院依职权启动再审与检察机关提出再审检察建议或抗诉并存时,应当优先考虑检察机关的再审检察建议或抗诉事由。应当允许当事人向人民法院申请审判监督与向人民检察院申请检察监督进行选择。尽管是一种柔性的建议,民事再审检察建议必须体现刚性。

The procuratorial suggestion of civil retrial is a flexible form of procuratorial supervision and has been widely practiced by China’s procuratorial organs.Based on the protracted consideration of the procuratorial supervision,the procuratorial suggestion of civil retrial should be extended to civil decisions and orders which are similar to civil judgments and rulings in that they are adjudicative.It is advisable to break the"same rank"restriction for the application rank of procuratorial suggestion.The procuratorial suggestion shall be applied to the adjudicative documents which are found wrong,except for the adjudicative documents that are factually wrong.The latter shall apply the form of prosecutorial protest supervision.In terms of procedure,the procuratorial protest and suggestion of civil retrial are not mutually exclusive and can be applied concurrently,but only be applied once.When the people’s court initiates the retrial in accordance with its authority and the people’s procuratorates make a retrial procuratorial suggestion or protest,it shall give priority to the retrial procuratorial proposal or protest.The parties should be allowed to choose from trial supervision of people’s courts and people’s procuratorates.Although it is a kind of flexible suggestion,the procuratorial suggestion of civil retrial must embody rigidity.