网络个体经营者商主体资格之辩

The Debate on the Business Entity Qualification of Online Self-employed Persons

经营者开展营业活动须经商事登记,取得商主体资格。但现实中,大量未登记的网络个体经营者却在从事营业活动,对现有强制登记主义和商主体资格认定标准提出了挑战。"证照分离"改革后,商事登记确认的是经营者的主体资格和一般经营资格,其目的在于获得公示公信效力,是商主体成立的对抗要件,而非成立要件,其实质是行政确认,而非行政许可。为适应网络交易的新趋势,我国应当完善商主体资格的认定标准,除商事登记外,还应当引入营业能力标准,将平台登记的作为商事登记的有益补充,进一步细化豁免登记的要求,承认未登记网络个体经营者的商主体资格。

To engage in business activities,business operators must go through commercial registration and acquire the qualification of business entity.However,in reality,a large number of unregistered online self-employed operators are engaged in business activities,which challenges the existing compulsory registration doctrine and business subject qualification standards.After the reform of separating permits from the business license,commercial registration confirms the entity qualification and general business qualification of businessmen and its purpose is for public summons and public trust.It is a confrontation element,not an essential element to start business.In essence,it is administrative confirmation rather than administrative empowerment.In order to adapt to the new trend of network transactions,China should improve the identification standards of business entities.In addition to commercial registration,the standard of business capacity should also be introduced,and the registration by the E-commerce platform shall be supplement to the commercial registration.The standards for exemption from registration shall be further concretized in order to recognize the business entity qualification of unregistered online self-employed persons.