明遗民的陶诗接受

Acceptance of Tao Yuanming’s Poems by Ming Dynasty Adherents

清初民族矛盾十分尖锐,那些经历了改朝换代、山河易主的前朝遗民,对陶渊明更能在身世遭际上形成共鸣。陶渊明“不事二姓”的气节继续得到明遗民的效仿,由此也形成了集陶、和陶、效陶的高潮。集陶诗在明末清初十分盛行,尤其是在遗民群体中,多有以集陶来寄慨,由此也掀起了集陶诗的高潮。“和陶”是遗民诗人表明自己气节人格较为普遍的一种方式,在明遗民中,方以智的和陶诗很有代表性。王夫之论陶诗,并不像其他遗民一味地从“不事二姓”的立场去解读,而是从风雅与“俗”的观念去阐释,并提出对陶诗的批评,并指出其流弊,这是他的独特之处。这些方面在陶诗学发展史上也是值得重视的。

In the early Qing Dynasty,ethnic contradictions were very sharP.Those Ming Dynasty adherents who had undergone a change of dynasty were more able to resonate with Tao Yuanming in his life exPerience.Tao Yuanming’s integrity continued to be followed by Ming’s adherents.“Ji Tao Poems”was very PoPular in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,esPecially among the adherents of the Ming Dynasty,many of them exPressed their thoughts with“Ji Tao Poems”,which also formed the climax of“Ji Tao Poems”.“He Tao Poetry”is a way for the adherents Poets to show their moral integrity.Among the adherents of the Ming Dynasty,Fang Yizhi's“He Tao Poetry”is very rePresentative.Wang Fuzhi’s comment on Tao Shi is not like other adherents who always interPret it from the standPoint of integrity,and ProPoses criticism of Tao Shi,and Points out its shortcomings.This is his sPecial feature.These asPects are also worthy of attention in the history of the develoPment of Tao Poetry.