“张飞捉周瑜”故事在通俗文学中的传播——兼论“非小说故事”文学地位的上移

The Upward Shift in the Literary Status of“Nonfiction Stories”——Focusing on the Dissemination of Story“Zhang Fei Caught Zhou Yu”in Popular Literature

“张飞捉周瑜”故事不见于《三国志演义》,但在戏曲及说唱文学中一直都有流传。其源头最早可追溯至明万历年间刊刻的《草庐记》,后被清宫连台本戏《鼎峙春秋》改编定型,逐渐影响至多种地方戏曲、说唱曲艺。由于《鼎峙春秋》以《三国志演义》为纲,巧妙地将“张飞捉周瑜”故事插入剧情之中,更容易被熟悉小说情节的观众接受,因此产生的影响更大。而这一故事在其他通俗文学类别中,同样存在向《三国志演义》靠拢的趋势。以“张飞捉周瑜”故事在通俗文学中的传播与演变为线索,可以发现许多“非小说故事”通过主动与小说同化的方式,获得更大的生存空间,得到文学地位的“上移”,可被视作一种特殊的经典化过程。

The story of“Zhang Fei caught Zhou Yu”is not found in Three Kingdoms,but it has been circulated in the opera and folk literature.Its origin can be tracked back to Cao Lu Ji published in the Wanli years in Ming dynasty,then was adapted by Ding Zhi Chun Qiu in Qing dynasty,and gradually influenced to a variety of local opera and folk literature.Because the story of“Zhang Fei caught Zhou Yu”was cleverly inserted into the plot of Ding Zhi Cun Qiu,it was more easily accepted by the audiences who were familiar with the novel and therefore had a greater impact.And this story had the same tendency to move closer to the plot of the novel in other folk literature categories.Taking the spread and evolution of the story“Zhang Fei caught Zhou Yu”in popular literature as a clue,we can find that many“non-fiction stories”have gained a larger living space and literary status through active assimilation with fictional plots,which can be regarded as a special classicization process.