《筱园诗话》象喻式表达的新变及意义

The New Changes and Significance of Metaphorical Expression in Xiao Yuan Shi Hua

象喻式表达虽然是传统文艺理论、批评话语的鲜明特征,但在大多数诗话中只是偶尔涉及,显得零散。朱庭珍《筱园诗话》对这种言说方式的运用不仅呈现出系统性的特点,而且大多具有深切著明的效果,强化了朱氏诗学话语的趣味性和批评效力,极具示范意义。此外,它还对一些旧有譬喻进行了精辟的阐发,提供了新颖的诗歌观照方式,在一定程度上推进了象喻性言说的发展。上述现象的形成不仅与指示初学有关,更取决于历史情境的影响。考察诗话中的意象类型及其阐释功能,进而从知识史和思想史的角度发掘象喻式话语的生成过程和认知逻辑,对于实现“在中国发现批评史”的学术理念是有所助益的。

Although metaphorical expression is a distinctive feature of traditional literary theories and critical discourse,it is only occasionally involved in most Shi Hua.Xiao Yuan Shi Hua's use of this way of expression not only shows systematic characteristics,but also has profound effects,which strengthens the interest and critical effectiveness of Zhu Tingzhen's poetic discourse,and is of great exemplary significance.In addition,it also makes an incisive interpretation of some old metaphors,provides a novel way to observe poetry,and promotes the development of metaphorical expression to a certain extent.The formation of the above phenomenon is not only related to instruction beginners,but also depends on the influence of historical circumstances.Examining the types of images in Shi Hua and their interpretation functions,and then discovering the generation process and cognitive logic of metaphorical discourse from the perspectives of the history of knowledge and the history of thought,it is helpful to realize the academic concept of“discovering the history of criticism in China”.