直升机热管理与红外辐射特性耦合分析方法

Coupling analysis method for helicopter thermal management and infrared radiation characteristics

未来高性能直升机面临提高能量利用率和抑制红外辐射特性的重大挑战,迫切需要协同解决这两个问题,需要从整机层面探究热管理和红外辐射特性耦合机制,建立耦合分析方法。直升机红外辐射特性不仅受到旋翼下洗流场、前飞流场和环境等外部因素的影响,还受到各子系统部件的工作状态、机身表面的散热口布置和红外抑制器的设计等热管理优化方法的影响。因此,直升机热管理问题和红外抑制问题是强相互耦合,必须统筹考虑。从直升机整机系统的结构特点、系统工作原理和能量平衡关系出发,基于热/质流产生、收集传输、储存利用和传热关系,分析直升机整机系统框架和传热平衡关系,建立以系统部件为内部边界条件、外环境为外部边界条件的整机耦合传热模型;通过对内外部热量的统筹调控与管理,提出热管理优化方法,实现既保障各系统安全高效工作、又提高整机能量利用率,优化红外辐射性能的目的。该模型和方法能为直升机综合热管理的方案设计和红外抑制方法提供支撑。

Future high-performance helicopters will face critical challenges in improving energy utilization and suppressing infrared radiation characteristics.To solve these two problems cooperatively,it is necessary to explore the coupling mechanism of thermal management and infrared radiation characteristics and establish the coupling analysis method from the vehicle level.The infrared radiation characteristics of the whole helicopter are affected by both external factors(such as rotor downwash flow,forward flight flow,and environment)and thermal management optimization methods(such as the working state of each subsystem component,the arrangement of heat exchangers,and the design of infrared suppressors).Therefore,the thermal management and infrared suppression of helicopters are strongly coupled and must be considered cooperatively.According to the structural characteristics,the system working principle,and energy balance of the helicopter,this paper analyzes the heat balance relationship and thermal management framework of helicopters,and establishes the coupled heat transfer computational model with the system components and the external environment as the internal and the external boundary condition,respectively,based on the relationship of heat/mass flow,collection,transmission,storage,and heat transfer.Through heat regulation and management,a thermal management optimization method is proposed to ensure safe and efficient work of each system,thereby improving the energy utilization and optimizing the infrared radiation characteristics.The model and method can provide method support for the design of integrated thermal management scheme and infrared suppression method of helicopters.