农林废物生物炭/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能

Preparation and properties of agroforestry wastes biochar/high density polyethylene composites

利用稻壳、杨木在600℃下制备稻壳炭、杨木炭,以稻壳、稻壳炭、杨木、杨木炭为填料填充高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)制备复合材料,并对其性能进行测试分析。结果表明,跟稻壳、杨木相比,稻壳炭、杨木炭具有较高的含碳量、较大的比表面积、发达的孔隙结构及较低的极性;稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度、拉伸模量分别为34.95 MPa、1.76 GPa、26.25 MPa、1.83 GPa,均高于稻壳/HDPE复合材料,杨木炭/HDPE复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度、拉伸模量分别为40.14 MPa、2.43 GPa、30.64 MPa、2.17 GPa,均高于杨木/HDPE复合材料;此外,稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料、杨木炭/HDPE复合材料的抗蠕变强度、抗应力松弛能力均高于稻壳/HDPE复合材料、杨木/HDPE复合材料。以上实验结果可为农林废物的高值化利用提供新的思路。

Rice husk biochar and poplar biochar were prepared from rice husk and poplar at 600 °C in this study.Rice husk, rice husk biochar, poplar and poplar biochar were used to reinforce high density polyethylene(HDPE) to prepare composites, and properties of the composites were tested and analyzed respectively. The results show that higher carbon content, higher specific surface area and more developed pore structure are obtained in rice husk biochar and poplar biochar than rice husk and poplar. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus of rice husk biochar/HDPE composites are 34.95 MPa, 1.76 GPa, 26.25 MPa, 1.83 GPa, higher than those of rice husk/HDPE composites. Similarly, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus of poplar biochar are 40.14 MPa, 2.43 GPa, 30.64 MPa, 2.17 GPa, higher than those of poplar/HDPE composites. Besides, the creep resistance and anti-stress relaxation ability of rice husk biochar/HDPE composites and poplar/HDPE composites are also stronger than rice husk/HDPE composites and poplar/HDPE composites. The results of this study suggest that the mechanical properties of biochar/HDPE composites are better than biomass/HDPE composites, which can provide new ideas for the high value utilization of agroforestry wastes.