国际居家护理模式现况与研究进展

Current status and research progress of international home care modes

随着全球老龄化的加剧,居家护理成为健康养老的新理念。如何为老年人提供连续实用、经济便利的居家照护服务,已成为各个国家长期照护体系改革的目标。目前国际上具有代表性的居家护理体系包括私人及社会保险支付费用、私有机构提供服务的模式(美国模式);政府支付费用、私有机构提供服务为主的模式(加拿大模式);政府与个人共同支付费用、多元化服务提供主体的模式(澳大利亚模式);保险支付费用、多元化服务提供主体的模式(日本模式)。本文总结以美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本为代表的居家护理模式,阐述居家护理的核心要素,分析其特征及优缺点,提出我国应借鉴其他国家居家护理的长处,结合我国社会制度和经济水平的特点,创建符合国情的居家护理模式。

With the aggravation of global aging,home care has become a new concept of health care for the aged.How to provide continuous,practical,economical and convenient home care services for the elderly has become the goal of long-term care system reform in various countries.At present,internationally representative home care system includes private and social insurance co-paying and private organizations providing services(American mode),government paying and private organizations providing services(Canadian mode),government and individuals co-paying and diversified service providers(Australian mode)and insurance paying and diversified service providers(Japan mode).This article summarizes home care modes represented by the United States,Canada,Australia and Japan,expounds the core elements of home care and analyzes its characteristics,advantages and disadvantages.It is suggested that China should learn from advantages of home care in other countries and create a home care mode in line with national conditions by combing characteristics of social system and economic level in China.