黑龙江穆棱东北红豆杉自然保护区兽类多样性及东北虎猎物资源

Mammal Diversity and Prey Resource of Amur Tiger in Heilongjiang Muling Japanese Yew National Nature Reserve

为了深入了解黑龙江穆棱东北红豆杉国家级自然保护区兽类组成及东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)猎物资源现状,于2016—2018年在保护区内布设40个红外相机监测点和7个大样方调查兽类多样性和分析东北虎主要猎物资源。相机监测累计照相日12250个,共获得有效独立照片1139张,从中鉴定出野生兽类4目8科17种,其中国家一级重点保护动物有东北虎和东北豹(Panthera pardus orientalis)。样方调查记录到兽类足迹261条,足迹识别出兽类4目7科10种,其中包括国家一级重点保护动物东北豹1种,东北虎主要猎物野猪(Sus scrofa)、马鹿(Cervus elaphus)、西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)和梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)4种。兽类物种相对丰富度分析表明,相对丰富度最高的是西伯利亚狍和狗獾(Meles leucurus),赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)和东北豹最低。猎物资源分析表明,保护区内分布有西伯利亚狍681只,野猪510只,马鹿35只,梅花鹿27只,4种动物的生物量分别为西伯利亚狍生物量为20210.94 kg,野猪生物量为64735.00 kg,马鹿生物量为6023.25 kg,梅花鹿生物量为1635.00 kg,保护区东北虎可捕食的主要猎物生物量为92604.19 kg。研究表明,保护区内兽类种类虽然较多,但东北虎、东北豹、梅花鹿和马鹿数据仍然较少,需要重点加强保护。

Between 2016 and 2018,we deployed 40 camera traps and established 7 sample plots to investigate the biodiversity of mammals and prey resource of Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)in the Muling Japanese Yew National Nature Reserve.During 12,250 camera-days,we obtained 1,139 effective independent photographs.We identified 17 mammal species of 4 orders and 8 families,including class I national-protected species Amur tiger and Amur leopard(Panthera pardus orientalis).During plot surveys,we recorded 261 mammal footprints and identified 10 species of 4 orders and 7 families,including Amur leopard and four of the main prey species of Amur tiger,viz wild boar(Sus scrofa),red deer(Cervus elaphus),Siberian roe deer(Capreolus pygargus),and sika deer(Cervus nippon).Relative abundance was highest for roe deer and badger(Meles leucurus),and lowest for red fox(Vulpes vulpes)and Amur leopard.Prey resource analysis indicates the population size of roe deer,wild boar,red deer and sika deer was 681,510,35 and 27,respectively,while the prey biomass was 92,604 kg,including 20,211 kg of roe deer,64,735 kg of wild boar,6,023 kg of red deer and 1,635 kg of sika deer.The diversity of mammals was high,but the population sizes of Amur tiger,Amur leopard,sika deer and red deer were low,suggesting enhanced protection is needed.