重庆市学龄前儿童行为问题的现状调查

Survey on status quo of behavioral problems among preschoolers in Chongqing City

目的对重庆市学龄前儿童行为问题进行现状调查,为有针对性地开展儿童心理卫生工作提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,对重庆市主城6个城区及5个区县幼儿园5135名4~6岁儿童家长及带养人采用Conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ)进行行为问题调查。结果学龄前儿童行为问题总检出率为13.30%,主城区检出率(14.47%)高于区县(12.04%),男童检出率(15.81%)高于女童(10.58%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各因子按检出率高低排序依次为学习问题(8.24%)、心身问题(4.67%)、多动指数(2.49%)、品行问题(2.32%)、冲动-多动(1.07%)、焦虑(0.43%)。男童在心身问题、冲动-多动及多动指数方面检出率较女童高,男童在品行问题、冲动-多动及多动指数方面得分较女童高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重庆市学龄前儿童心理行为问题检出率较高,男童外向性行为问题检出率高于女童。

Objective To conduct the survey on the behavioral problems of preschool children in Chongqing City to provide a basis for pertinently carrying out the child mental health work.Methods The cross sectional survey method was adopted to conduct the behavior problem survey on the parents and caregivers of 5135 children aged 4-6 years old from the kindergartens in 6 urban districts and 5 districts and counties of Chongqqing City by the Conners parent used symptom questionnaire(PSQ).Results The total detection rate of behavioral problems in the preschool children was 13.30%,the detection rate of main districts was 14.47%,which was higher than 12.04%in the districts and counties,the detection rate in boys was 15.81%,which was higher than 10.58%in girls,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rates of each factor in turn were the learning problems(8.24%),psychosomatic disorders(4.67%),hyperactivity index(2.49%),conduct problems(2.32%),impulsion-hyperactivity(1.07%)and anxiety(0.43%).The detection rates in the aspects of psychosomatic disorder,impulsion-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index in boys were higher than those in girls,the scores in the aspects of conduct problems,impulsion-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index in boys were higher than those in girls,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of psychological and behavioral problems among preschool children in Chongqing City is higher,and the detection rate of extroversion behavior problems in boys is higher than that in girls.