“雅”“夏”关系与周代雅乐正统地位的确立

The Relationship between“Ya”and“Xia”And Establishment of the Orthodox Position of Court Music in Zhou Dynasty

先秦文献在传承过程中因为用字习惯的改变,出现过一个以“雅”代“夏”的过程,所谓“雅”“夏”二字的同音假借关系,并不是“雅”字替代“夏”字成为《诗经》类名的原因,而是对“雅”代“夏”这一结果的解释。战国末年、秦汉之际的“书同文字”与文本转写,正是与诗乐相关联的“夏”字被“雅”字替代的关键时期。就《诗经》而言,“雅”何以为“雅”的问题,本质上就是“夏”何以为“夏”的问题。作为中原正统音乐的“夏(雅)乐”从一开始就担负起了“言王政之所由废兴”的政教功能,在“雅(夏)”与“政”之间建立了密不可分的联系。正是在雅歌与雅诗相继出现并与王政深度结合,充分发挥“言王政之所由废兴”的过程中,在周代礼乐制度中居于核心正统地位的雅乐传统才逐渐确立,并以此为基础,形成了在后世影响深远的“雅正”思想。

There was a process of replacing“Xia”with“Ya”because of the change in the habit of using Chinese characters in pre-Qin literature.Therefore,the so-called“Ya”and“Xia”is not the homonym of the replace of character“Xia”with the character“Ya”in the Book of Songs,but the explanation of replace the character“Ya”with the character“Xia”.During the very period between the end of the Warring States period and the Qin Han Dynasty,“Unification of written languages”(in Chinese“shutongwenzi”,QinShihuang unified the language and the the same language were used in books all over the country)and text transcription were advocated.It was the key period when the character“Xia”associated with poetry and music was replaced by the character“Ya”.As for the Book of Songs,the question of why“Ya”is“Ya”is essentially the question of why“Xia”is“Xia”.As the orthodox music of the Central Plains,“Xia(Ya)Music(court music)”has assumed political education function of“talking about the cause why the country and reign will decline and prosper”from the very beginning,which established an inseparable connection between“Ya(Xia)”and“Politics”.It was in the process of the“Ya song”and“Ya poem”that were deeply integrated with political power to give full play to the process of“talking about the cause why the country and reign will decline and prosper”.The tradition of Ya music,which was at the core of the ritual music system in Zhou Dynasty,was gradually established.On this basis,it also formed a far-reaching influence of Elegance Legitimism in later generations.