宋代礼教社会中的茶礼及其社会功能研究——以《朱子家礼》为例

Research on Tea Ritual and Its Social Functions in the Ethical Society of Song Dynasty:Taking Zhu Zi’s Family Rites as an Example

宋代茶文化非常发达,形成了重要的饮茶方式"点茶法"。宋代也是礼教社会秩序规范成熟的时期,以朱熹为代表的儒家理学大师,制定的礼教行为规范成为后世学习的经典,影响甚广。两者相结合,使茶融入了礼教社会,形成独特的茶礼。礼教社会的茶礼,传递的是礼教社会的文化规范和价值观念,有着重要的社会功能。它促进个体的社会化,作为社会互动交往的媒介,使互动更加融洽,形成"客来敬茶"的传统,通过向逝者献茶汤和茶器的茶礼,寄托情感表达哀思。礼教社会的茶礼,对当下仍有影响,它的社会功能和价值值得我们研究。

The tea culture in Song Dynasty was well developed,when an important way of drinking tea,"whisked tea",was formed.Song Dynasty was also a mature period of social norms of ethics when the Confucian masters of Neo-Confucianism,represented by Zhu Xi,formulated the code of ethics and behavior,which became a classic for later generations to learn and had a wide influence.The combination of the two makes tea blended into the ethical society,forming a unique tea ritual.The tea ritual in the ethical society,which conveyed the cultural norms and values of the ethical society,had an important social function.It promotes the socialization of individuals.As a medium of social interaction,it made the interaction more harmonious and formed the tradition of"serving tea to guests".By presenting tea soup and tea wares to the deceased,the tea ritual expressed emotion and grief.The tea ritual in the ethical society still has an influence on the present,and its social function and value are worth our study.