山地形态基因解析:历史城镇保护的空间图谱方法认知与实践

Analysis of Mountain Morphological Genes:Cognition and Practice of Spatial Map Method of Historical Town Protection

由于自然地理环境和景观生态格局的特殊性与复杂性,山地历史城镇在与山水环境、地域文化的适应过程中逐渐生长出山水相依、紧凑立体及多元丰富的形态肌理,其背后反映的是“自然与人文”“历史与景观”“生态与形态”的良好逻辑关系。为更好地传承与保护山地历史城镇的空间形态,文章通过探析形态理论的进化变迁与山地历史城镇的演变规律,借鉴生命学研究方法,提出“形态基因”的概念,以空间图谱的方式,从外部物质性状和内在信息因子两个角度入手,将山地历史城镇形态的基因构成要素分解为生态因子、形态因子和文态因子,建立“三态融合”的形态基因保护与更新方法,并对走马古镇、寸滩古镇、中山古镇、松溉古镇4个典型山地历史城镇的空间图谱进行测绘与解读,试图为山地历史城镇的保护与更新提供一个新的研究视角。

Due to the particularity and complexity of the natural geographical environment and landscape ecological pattern,mountain historical towns gradually grow into compact,three-dimensional,diversified and rich morphological texture in the process of adapting to the landscape environment and regional culture,which reflects the good logical relationship between"nature and humanity","history and landscape","ecology and form".In order to better inherit and protect the spatial form of ancient towns,this paper analyzes the evolution of morphological theory and the evolution law of historical towns in mountainous areas,and tries to draw on the research methods of life science to put forward the concept of morphological gene.By means of spatial map,the genetic elements of mountain historical town morphology are decomposed into ecological factors,morphological factors and cultural factors in terms of external material properties and internal information factors,so as to establish a"three state fusion"method for the protection and renewal of mountain morphological genes;and four typical examples of zouma ancient Town,Cuntan ancient town,Zhongshan ancient town and Songji ancient town are established In this paper,the spatial map of mountainous historical towns is surveyed and interpreted in order to provide a new research perspective for the protection and renewal of mountain historical towns.