均衡发展:法国国土空间规划法制体系建设的历程与经验

Balanced Development: The History and Experience of French Legal System of National Territorial Development Planning

经过了半个多世纪的发展,法国形成了较为完善的国土空间规划法制体系,这一体系不仅包含空间规划的技术要求,还包含产业发展、乡村振兴、环境保护、文化传承等一系列指导政策和制度保障,涉及劳工部、农业部、建设部(装备部)、文化部、环保部等不同部委,贯穿国家、区域、市镇等多重尺度。文章从发展历程、首都去中心化、乡村振兴、自然和文化资源保护利用四方面对法国国土空间规划的法制体系进行梳理,总结法国经验对中国当前国土空间规划法制体系建设的借鉴意义。

After more than half a century of development,France has formed a relatively complete legal system of territorial spatialplanning,which not only contains technical requirements for spatial planning,but also a series of guiding policies and institutionalguarantees for industrial development,rural revitalization,environmental protection,cultural heritage,etc.,involving the Ministry ofLabor,the Ministry of Agriculture,the Ministry of Construction(Ministry of Equipment),the Ministry of Culture,the Ministry of Environmental Protection,etc.,through multiple scales including national,regional,and municipal.This paper examines the Frenchlegal system of territorial spatial planning in four aspects:development history,decentralization of the capital city,rural revitalization,and protection and utilization of natural and cultural resources,and then summarizes the inspirations of French experience for thecurrent legal system of territorial spatial planning in China.