气候变化对草地植物优势种的影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects of Climate Change on Dominant Plant Species of Grassland

草地是重要的生态系统类型,也是对气候变化最敏感的生态系统类型之一,气候变化深刻地影响草地生态系统。由于在群落中的高优势度,植物优势种对草地群落组成和结构、群落生物多样性及动态、生态系统生产力、生态过程和功能均有重要影响,是生态学研究中空间尺度推绎的关键。从优势种的定义入手,通过解析优势机制,阐述了植物优势种的研究意义;综述了气温升高、降水变化等气候变化驱动因素及其联合作用对草地植物优势种的影响;以羊草为例,总结了气候变化对中国北方草原植物优势种的影响;提出应加强不同研究方法的综合,加强自然和人为双重长期干扰对优势种的影响及其级联效应对生态系统功能和服务的影响方面的研究。

Grassland is an important ecosystem type and one of the most sensitive types to climate change.Climate change has profoundly affected the grassland ecosystem.Due to the high dominance in the community,the dominant plant species have an important impact on the composition and structure of grassland community,community biodiversity and dynamics,ecosystem productivity,ecological process and function,which are the key to spatial scaling,and provide method supplements in grassland ecosystem research under the background of climate change.Starting with the definition of dominant species,this paper expounded the research significance of the dominant plant species by analyzing the dominant mechanism,summarized the driving factors of climate change such as temperature rise and precipitation change and their combined effects on dominant plant species in grassland communities.Taking Leymus chinensis as an example,this paper summarized the impact of climate change on dominant plant species of grassland in northern China.It is proposed that the combination of different research methods should be strengthened to study the impact of natural and anthropogenic long-term disturbances on dominant plant species and their cascading effects on ecosystem functions and services.