200例临床药品不良反应监测结果分类回溯及对策研究

Classification and Retrospective Study of 200 Cases of Clinical Adverse Drug reaction Monitoring Results and Countermeasures

目的:探讨药品不良反应监测与合理用药方案,提高临床用药安全性。方法:选择2018年1月至2019年1月收治的200例服用药品出现相关不良反应的患者作为本次研究入组对象,回顾性分析患者用药的种类和不良反应的情况。结果:200例中有182例口服给药导致不良反应,占比91.00%;18例为注射剂导致,占比9.00%。引发不良反应的药品中有114例抗感染药品(57.00%),有41例中药制剂(20.50%),有19例神经系统药品(9.50%),有7例镇痛药(3.50%),有14例心血管系统药品(7.00%),其他药品5例(2.50%)。有皮肤及其附件不良反应67例(33.50%),全身性损害不良反应52例(26.00%),消化系统不良反应24例(12.00%),其他系统不良反应57例(28.50%)。发生不良反应的病例中未合并用药126例(63.00%),合并使用药品有74例(37.00%),其中,合并使用2种、3种、3种以上药品分别有60例(30.00%)、6例(3.00%)、8例(4.00%)。不良反应转归方面,痊愈病例为86例(43.00%);好转105例(52.50%);后遗症有9例(4.50%)。结论:药品不良反应主要发生在抗感染药品、中药制剂,其中,不良反应主要为皮肤、消化系统和全身损害,通过积极治疗和处理,不良反应均痊愈或者好转。

Objective:To explore the monitoring of adverse drug reactions and the rational use of drugs,and to improve the safety of clinical medication.Methods:Select 200 patients with adverse drug reactions in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 as the subjects of this study,and retrospectively analyze the types of medications and adverse reactions of the patients.Results:Among 200 cases,182 cases of oral administration caused adverse reactions,accounting for 91.00%;18 cases were caused by injections,accounting for 9.00%.Among the drugs that caused adverse reactions,there were 114 cases of anti-infective drugs(57.00%),41 cases of Chinese medicine preparations(20.50%),19 cases of neurological drugs(9.50%),and 7 cases of analgesics(3.50%).14 cases of cardiovascular system drugs(7.00%),5 cases(2.50%)of other drugs.There were 67(33.50%)adverse reactions of skin and its accessories,52 cases(26.00%)of systemic damage,24 cases of adverse reactions of digestive system(12.00%),and adverse reactions of other systems(28.50%).Among the cases with adverse reactions,126 cases(63.00%)were not combined with drugs,74 cases(37.00%)were combined with drugs,of which 60 cases(30.00%)were combined with 2,3,or more than 3 drugs.6 cases(3.00%),8 cases(4.00%).In terms of the outcome of adverse reactions,86 cases(43.00%)were cured;105 cases(52.50%)improved;9 cases(4.50%)had sequelae.Conclusion:Adverse drug reactions mainly occur in anti-infective drugs and traditional Chinese medicine preparations.Among them,the adverse reactions are mainly skin,digestive system and systemic damage.Through active treatment and treatment,the adverse reactions are cured or improved.