环境和人体中氯代/溴代多环芳烃的研究进展——污染来源、分析方法和污染特征

A review of chlorinated/brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment and human:Sources,analysis methods and pollution characteristics

氯代/溴代多环芳烃(Cl/Br-PAHs)是一类具有与二噁英和多环芳烃(PAHs)相似结构和致癌效应的新兴持久性毒害污染物,其环境行为归趋和潜在风险受到了高度重视.本研究以"Cl-PAH*"OR"Br-PAH*"OR"H-PAH*"OR"chlorinated PAH*"OR"brominated PAH*"OR"halogenated PAHs"OR"chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon*"OR"brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon*"OR"halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon*"为主题对Web of Science核心合集数据库进行了检索,并着重对环境/人体中Cl/Br-PAHs污染来源、污染特征和分析方法的研究进展进行了综述.结果表明:截止2021年1月,环境/人体中Cl/Br-PAHs的相关文献共计225篇.这些研究表明:Cl/Br-PAHs主要来源于废弃物焚烧、汽车尾气排放、金属冶炼、电子垃圾拆解等热过程和光化学反应过程;目前已在全球各类环境介质中被检出,并表现出持久存在性、长距离迁移性和生物可利用性;Cl/Br-PAHs被证实具有与其母体PAHs相似甚至更强的毒性,但目前对其形成机理和环境行为尚不明确,也尚未有统一有效且精准的分析方法,已报道的化合物种类十分有限,总体研究处于起步阶段.结合目前Cl/Br-PAHs的研究现状和存在的问题,今后应在其高通量精准筛查分析、源排放指纹识别追溯、环境迁移转化行为及潜在风险上开展研究.

Chlorinated/brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(Cl/Br-PAHs)were a class of emerging persistent toxic contaminants that demonstrating similar chemical structures and carcinogenicities with dioxins and PAHs.Their behaviors,fates,and potential risks in environments were of great concern.This study retrieved the Web of Science Database with the topics including"Cl-PAH*"OR"Br-PAH*"OR"H-PAH*"OR"chlorinated PAH*"OR"brominated PAH*"OR"halogenated PAHs"OR"chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon*"OR"brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon*"OR"halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon*",and reviewed the research progress of the sources,pollution characteristics and analysis methods of Cl/Br-PAHs focusing on the environmental matrix and human beings.The results showed that 225 papers in total within this topic were published by Jan.2021.The existing findings showed that:Cl/Br-PAHs were mainly generated from thermal processes such as waste incineration,vehicle exhaust,metal smelting,electronic waste recycling,etc.,as well as some photochemical processes;So far,Cl/Br-PAHs were found ubiquitous in various environments worldwide,and demonstrated persistence,long-distance transportability and bioavailability;It was documented that Cl/Br-PAHs had similar or stronger toxicity compared to their parent PAHs.However,their formation mechanisms and environmental behaviors were still unclear;An effective and precise analytical method was still unavailable,leading to very limited reports on Cl/Br-PAH compounds in environments and the overall research area on this topic was still in its infant stage.Based on the current research status and knowledge gaps of Cl/Br-PAHs,more attention should be paid to their high-throughput and precise analytical methods,emission fingerprints,environmental behaviors,and potential risks in the future.