中国重点旅游城市旅游效率演化与差异性分析——基于超效率EBM模型

An Analysis of the Evolution of and Difference in Tourism Efficiency of Key Tourism Cities in China——Based on the Super-Efficiency EBM Model

已成为国民经济支柱产业的旅游业,要进一步高质量发展,必须重视旅游效率的优化.以中国27个重点旅游城市旅游效率为研究对象,采用超效率模型(EBM)和MI指数,对2011年至2016年间旅游业三大支柱产业(饭店、旅游景区、旅行社)的投入产出指标进行旅游效率、规模报酬测算,并结合Malmquist指数分析旅游效率变化趋势、演进模式、变化原因及改进策略.结果表明:①重点旅游城市的旅游效率普遍较高,但不同城市间旅游效率差异明显,城市旅游投入比例失衡会严重影响旅游效率的提高.②研究期内,多数重点旅游城市旅游效率呈现波动性增长态势,并处于最佳规模报酬期.③根据旅游效率大小和变化程度坐标象限的动态变化程度,识别出平稳型、循环型、突变型3种典型的旅游效率演进模式.建议加强旅游规划,平衡投入产出比,引进先进技术,开发创新型产品,建立风险防范机制,构建适宜的旅游业发展模式,提升城市旅游吸引力,促进旅游业高质量发展.

At present,tourism has grown into a pillar industry of China's national economy.In order to promote its high-quality development,enough attention must be paid to the optimization of its efficiency.In a study reported herein,the super-efficiency EBM model and the MI index are used to analyze the input-output indicators of the three pillars of tourism industry(hotels,tourist attractions and travel agencies)in 27 key tourist cities in China during 2011 to 2016 so as to calculate tourism efficiency and return-scale.In addition,the Malmquist index is used to analyze the trend of tourism efficiency and further reveal the evolution mode of tourism efficiency so as to explore the causes of efficiency changes and to form improvement strategies.The following findings are obtained.(1)Tourism efficiency is generally high in the key tourist cities;however,the difference is obvious among different cities.Unbalanced proportion of urban tourism investment will seriously affect the improvement of tourism efficiency.(2)During the research period(2011-2016),the tourism efficiency showed a fluctuating growth trend and was in the best return-to-scale period in most of the key tourist cities.(3)The dynamic change degree in the coordinate quadrant of the tourism efficiency and change degree shows three typical evolution types of tourism efficiency:steady,cyclic and abrupt.This paper offers the following proposals to policy-makers for promoting the high-quality development of tourism:strengthen tourism planning,balance input-output ratio,introduce advanced technology,develop innovative products,establish risk prevention mechanisms,build appropriate tourism development models,and enhance the attractiveness of urban tourism.