不同授粉方式下樱桃成本收益分析——以山西省临猗县为例

Cost-benefit Analysis of Cherry under Different Pollination Methods——A Case Study of Linyi County,Shanxi Province

根据2020年对山西省临猗县樱桃种植户调研数据,运用成本收益法研究樱桃种植户不同授粉方式下的成本收益情况,并进行比较分析。结果表明:樱桃生产过程中,底肥和追肥的投入占总成本的比重最大,同时人工成本也是农业生产过程的重要投入因素。不同授粉方式下农户的成本收益存在明显差异,每667m^(2)樱桃的净收益由小到大顺序为:自然授粉<人工授粉<蜜蜂授粉<蜜蜂+人工授粉。因极端天气,蜂群无法活动时,采用蜜蜂+人工授粉的方式,可以提高果实品质和耐储性,降低果实裂果率和畸形率。此外,分析了影响农户成本收益的因素,进一步提出加快新型职业农民培育、加大蜜蜂授粉推广和宣传、针对农民防冻、防灾等问题出台相关政策等对策建议。

According to the survey data of cherry growers in Linyi County of Shanxi Province in 2020,the costbenefit method was used to study the cost-benefit situation of cherry growers under different pollination methods,and the comparative analysis was made.The results showed that the input of base fertilizer and top dressing accounted for the largest proportion in the total cost of cherry production,and labor cost was also an important input factor in the agricultural production process.There were significant differences in the cost and benefit of farmers under different pollination methods.The order of the net benefit of cherry per 667m^(2) was natural pollination<artificial pollination<bee pollination<bee+artificial pollination.When bee colonies are unable to move due to extreme weather,the method of bee+artificial pollination can improve fruit quality and storage tolerance,and reduce fruit cracking rate and deformity rate.In addition,the factors affecting the cost and benefit of farmers were analyzed,and countermeasures and suggestions were further put forward,such as accelerating the cultivation of new professional farmers,increasing the promotion and publicity of bee pollination,and issuing relevant policies for farmers’frost prevention and disaster prevention.