蒸汽爆破技术的应用现状与发展前景

Application and development of steam explosion technology

蒸汽爆破技术是指将物料在高温高压的蒸汽下处理一段时间,然后在0.01 s内瞬时泄压实现“爆破”,热能转换为机械能做功,蒸汽以冲击波的形式作用于物料,改变其结构组成的一种物理化学处理技术。通过气相蒸煮过程的热化学作用以及蒸汽爆破阶段的物理做功,原料致密有序的结构被打破,酶及化学试剂的可及性增加,易于后续反应的进行。蒸汽爆破技术以其安全、高效、环保等特点,在食品领域有广阔的发展前景。该文介绍了蒸汽爆破技术的原理、优缺点及影响因素,概述了其发展历史,并分别总结了蒸汽爆破技术在植物性原料以及动物性原料中的应用现状,最后对其发展前景作出了展望,以期为蒸汽爆破技术在食品领域进行更广阔的应用提供一定的参考价值。

Steam explosion is a kind of physical and chemical treatment technology,which processes the material under high temperature and high-pressure steam,and then releases the pressure within 0.01 s to achieve“blasting”.When pressure is released instantly,heat energy is converted into mechanical energy,and the structure and composition of the material will be changed in the effect of the steam in the form of the shock wave.The dense and ordered structure of materials is broken by the thermochemical reaction in the process of the gas phase and in the steam blasting stage,increasing the accessibility of enzymes and chemical reagents and making it easier to subsequent chemical reactions.Steam explosion technology has a broad prospect in the field of the food industry because it is safe,highly efficient and environmentally friendly.This paper introduced the principle,advantages,disadvantages and influencing factors of steam explosion technology,summarized the history and the applications of steam explosion technology in the materials of plant and animal,respectively.At last,the prospect of steam explosion technology is made in order to provide a reference for its wider application in the food industry.