中国职务发明纠纷多元解决机制探究

Exploring Diverse Dispute Resolution Mechanisms for Service Inventions in China

中国职务发明数量的增长以及职务发明纠纷的增加引起了各界的广泛关注,如何构建有效的纠纷解决机制成为了一个十分重要的议题。通过分析以德国和法国为代表的大陆法系国家以及以美国和英国为代表的英美法系国家的相关纠纷解决机制,并将其与中国当前实践进行比较,(本文认为)有效的纠纷解决机制应致力于两方面努力。一方面,在设有知识产权法院的城市设立解决职务发明纠纷的专门委员会来专门处理职务发明纠纷。另一方面,在实体和程序上协同调解、仲裁及诉讼程序,从而使这些机制能够共同实现职务发明纠纷的有效解决。在参照《专利法》第四次修改内容和《专利纠纷行政调解指南》的基础上,将中国实践中的各种职务发明纠纷解决机制相协调,这有利于激励科技创新,平衡雇主与雇员的利益,进而有助于将中国建设成为创新型国家。

The increase in both service inventions and disputes on service inventions in China has drawn consid-erable public attention to related disputes, making effective and efficient dispute resolution a critical, note-wor-thy issue. Related dispute resolution practices in civil law jurisdictions such as Germany and France and com-mon law jurisdictions such as the United States and the United Kingdom are analyzed, drawing comparisons withcurrent Chinese practices. Efficient resolution of disputes surrounding service inventions would see the establish-ment of specialized boards or commissions in cities where the intellectual property courts are located. Moreover,the coordination of mediation, arbitration and judicial proceedings in substance and procedure is expected, sothat they work collectively towards smooth and effective dispute resolution for service inventions. With the goal ofencouraging innovation, balancing the benefits of employers and employees, as well as realizing the establish-ment of an innovation-oriented country, suggestions on consolidating diverse mechanisms in current Chinesepractices are advanced with references to recent Patent Law amendments and the Guidelines for Administrative Mediation Concerning Patent Disputes.