农村分散生活污水治理技术探讨

Discussion on Decentralized Domestic Sewage Treatment Technologies in Rural Areas

通过对农村污水排放规律和污染特征的分析,针对大部分农户居住地分散、污水不易集中收集的特点,提出组团处理模式,将相邻家庭的污水收集到一起共同处理,该方法既可以均化水量和水质,还可以降低污水处理设施的运营和维护成本。另外,主张农村厕所采用源分离排水系统,从源头对黄水、褐水进行分类收集,再通过技术手段回收其中的营养物质用于肥田。同时,阐述了目前常见的农村污水处理技术,并指出低耗是农村污水处理发展的主要方向,处理工艺应力求简单,便于维护管理。

The characteristics of rural sewage discharge and pollution were analyzed.According to the characteristics of scattered houses and difficulties in collecting sewage in rural areas,a group treatment mode was proposed.Some sewage from neighboring families could be collected and treated together.This mode has some advantages,such as adjusting the sewage quantity and quality,reducing the cost of operation and maintenance.Otherwise,source-separated drainage system in toilets in rural areas are also recommend,in which yellow and brown water is collected separately in order to recycle the nutrients efficiently to the farmland.At last,the traditional technologies for wastewater treatment in rural areas are summarized.The new technologies for wastewater treatment in rural areas in the future would be focused on the simple and flexible processes,with the advantages of low construction,maintenance and operation costs.