城镇居住小区人均污水污染物产生量测算方法与应用

Measurement and Analysis of Domestic Wastewater Pollutant Production Per Capita in Urban Residential Quarters

从居住小区选择、水质采样检测、流量测量、用水量调查、数据分析等方面提出了系统的城镇人均生活污水污染物产生量测算方法,并针对某城市污水处理厂排水系统服务范围内两个未设化粪池的居住小区A和B开展了连续一周的监测分析。结果表明,小区生活污水的水质波动范围较大,周末污染物浓度较工作日高。具有代表性的小区B总排口污水的COD_(Cr)、BOD_(5)、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP平均值分别为687、294、32.6、40.7、5.42 mg/L,与污水处理厂的进水水质相近。根据小区用水量数据和人口普查数据得到小区B的人均用水量为88.8 L/(人·d),污水排放系数取0.85时,计算小区B的人均COD_(Cr)、BOD_(5)、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP产生量平均值分别为51.90、22.18、2.46、3.07、0.41 g/(人·d),低于《室外排水设计规范》中城镇污水的设计水质。调查范围较小、用于计算的排污人口当量数据偏高可能是人均用水量和人均污染物产生量偏低的主要原因,应采用流量测量、入户调查等方式获取更准确的人均污水量,扩大调查范围可以进一步减小误差。

A systematic method for measurement and analysis of domestic wastewater pollutant production per capita was proposed,which included residential quarter selection,wastewater sampling and testing,wastewater flow monitoring,residential water consumption survey,and data analysis.Two residential communities without septic tanks,namely A and B,within the service area of a municipal wastewater treatment plant in south China,were monitored accordingly for a week.The results showed that the quality of the residential wastewater fluctuates significantly,and the pollutant concentrations on weekends were higher than on working days.The average values of COD_(Cr),BOD_(5),NH_(3)-N,TN,and TP of the wastewater at the representative community B were 687,294,32.6,40.7,5.42 mg/L,respectively,which was similar to the influent water quality of the wastewater treatment plant.According to the residential water consumption data and the census data,the per capita water consumption of the residential quarter B was calculated to be134.5 L/(cap·d).When the wastewater discharge coefficient was determined to be 0.85,the calculated average values of COD_(Cr),BOD_(5),NH_(3)-N,TN,TP production per capita of the residential quarter B were 51.90,22.18,2.46,3.07,0.41 g/(cap·d),respectively.These values were lower than the design quality of urban wastewater according to the Code for Design of Outdoor Wastewater Engineering.The small survey scope and higher population equivalent data used for calculation may be the main reason for the lower water consumption per capita and pollutant production per capita.Methods such as flow measurement and household surveys should be used to obtain more accurate wastewater volume per capita.Expanding the scope of investigation could further reduce errors.