M1/M2小胶质细胞在缺血性脑卒中的神经再生作用

Effect of M1/M2microglia on regeneration of central nervous system in cerebral ischemic stroke

在缺血性脑卒中发生时,缺血缺氧触发一系列事件,包括炎症反应、兴奋毒性、氧化应激和细胞程序性死亡,从而导致严重的脑损伤。长期以来,小胶质细胞被认为是启动缺血后神经炎症的重要细胞。近年来发现,缺血后小胶质细胞活化,表现出两种不同的功能表型,以炎症刺激诱导的神经毒性M1型和缺血诱导的神经保护性M2型,其中M2型小胶质细胞对于减轻神经元凋亡、增强神经发生和促进脑缺血后的功能恢复至关重要。本文讨论了M2型小胶质细胞的功能及其在缺血性脑卒中后髓鞘再生、神经元再生和血管再生方面的作用,为如何利用小胶质细胞促进中枢神经的人工辅助再生提供新方法,为临床治疗脑卒中提供新思路。

Ischemia and hypoxia trigger a series of events,including inflammatory responses,excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,and programmed cell death,leading to severe brain damage.Microglia activation has long been considered as an important cell for initiating post-ischemic neuroinflammation.In recent years,it has been found that the activation of mi⁃croglia cells after ischemia shows two different functional phenotypes,namely the neurotoxic M1 type induced mainly by inflammatory stimulation and the neuroprotective M2 type induced by ischemia.M2-type microglia are of great impor⁃tance in reducing neuronal apoptosis,enhancing neurogenesis and promoting functional recovery after cerebral ischemia.This review summarizes the function of M2-type microglia and its role in remyelination,neurogenisis and angiogenesis after cerebral ischemic stroke,which will broaden minds for target microglia to promote the artificial assisted regeneration of central nervous system and provide a new ideas for the clinical treatment of stroke.