滴灌行位效应对不同小麦品种籽粒品质的影响

Effect of row position of drip irrigation on grain quality of different wheat varieties

为明确TR6(“一管6行”)与TR8(“一管8行”)滴灌条件下水氮供应量及其对不同小麦品种籽粒品质的影响,种植来自新疆、内蒙古、宁夏等不同地区的20个春小麦品种(系),调查了小麦行间水氮供应量及不同品种的籽粒品质。结果表明TR6滴灌模式下,R2、R3小麦行水分供应量相对于R1(离滴灌带最近行)分别减少32.40%~33.08%、60.52%~61.51%,土壤氮素供应量相对于R1依次减少20.76%~32.40%、55.80%~60.52%。TR8滴灌模式下,R2、R3、R4小麦行水分供应量相对于R1分别减少35.57%~37.17%、60.70%~61.00%、83.29%~83.42%,土壤氮素供应量相对于R1分别减少22.72%~26.18%、54.67%~57.09%、80.16%~80.88%。两种滴灌模式下,氮素供应量的行间变异系数均低于对应的水分供应量行间变异系数。两种滴灌模式下所有品种籽粒品质的行间变异系数最大为9.12%,小于水分与氮素供应量最小行间变异系数37.87%。TR6滴灌模式下,各品种蛋白质含量,沉降值、湿面筋、淀粉含量的行间变异系数均显著低于TR8滴灌模式的(p<0.05),主成分分析结果表明籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋、直链淀粉含量与主成分1呈正相关,其相关系数均大于0.685,与第二主成分呈负相关。沉降值与主成分2呈正相关,相关系数均大于0.284。不同年度与滴灌模式下,新春37号、新春38号与津强7号位于沉降值、湿面筋、直链淀粉含量最高的聚类群。

In order to clarify the supply of water and nitrogen(N)under TR6(“one tube 6 rows”)and TR8(“one tube 8 rows”)drip irrigation conditions and their effects on grain quality of different wheat varieties,twenty spring wheat varieties from different regions including Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,and Ningxia were planted,and the water and N supply and grain quality of different varieties were investigated.The results showed that under the TR6 drip irrigation mode,the water supply of R2 and R3 decreased by 32.40%~33.08%and 60.52%~61.51%relative to R1,respectively,and the soil N supply decreased by 20.76%~32.40%and 55.80%~60.52%relative to R1.Under TR8 drip irrigation mode,the water supply of R2,R3,and R4 wheat decreased by 35.57%~37.17%,60.70%~61.00%,and 83.29%~83.42%compared with R1,respectively,and the soil N supply decreased by 22.72%~26.18%,54.67%~57.09%,and 80.16%~80.88%compared with R1.Under the two drip irrigation modes,the coefficient variation of N supply between rows was lower than that of water supply.The maximum inter-row variation coefficient of grain quality for all varieties under the two drip irrigation modes was 9.12%,which was less than the minimum water and N supply of 37.87%.The coefficient variation grain protein content,sedimentation volume,wet gluten,and amylose content of TR6 between rows was significantly lower than that of TR8(p<0.05).Principal component analysis showed that grain protein content,wet gluten,and amylose content were positively correlated with principal component 1,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.685,which was negatively correlated with the principal component 2.The sedimentation volume was positively correlated with principal component 2,and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.284.Under different drip irrigation modes in different years,Xinchun 37,Xinchun 38,and Jinqiang 7 were in a cluster that the contents of grain protein content,sedimentation volume,wet gluten,and amylose content were the highest among all.