非法实施发明专利入罪的认识误区及克服

Obstacles and Elimination of Criminalization of Illegally Implementing Invention Patent

加强专利权保护是形势使然。专利权具有无形性、公开性和非竞争性,容易受到侵害。专利民事司法保护存在刚性不足、赔偿数额认定难等局限。专利行政执法对效率的追求造成程序监督弱化。刑法具有制裁手段的严厉性和“二次保障性”特征,遏制专利侵权优势明显。以专利权系私权、专利权具有不确定性、专利案件审理存在技术性难题为由反对非法实施发明专利侵权入罪的主张并不成立。专利刑事立法应当从“权利救济”转向“法益救济”,重构有关专利犯罪客体,增设非法实施发明专利罪,把故意侵犯发明专利且情节严重的行为规定为犯罪。

Strengthening the protection of patent rights is dictated by the situation.Patents are essentially private rights with intangibility,openness and non-competitiveness which define their vulnerability against infringements.Civil judicial protection of patents is obvious confined by insufficient rigidity,difficult determination on the indemnity amounts.The pursuit of patent-related administrative law enforcement for efficiency results in weakened supervision on procedures.Penal protection of patents has outstanding advantages in the severe criminal penalties which has a great deterrent effect on offenders and reflect the“secondary indemnification”of the criminal law’s effect is timely.Due to the misunderstandings of the“right-based theory”and the“right infringement theory”on the private right protection with public laws and the modesty of criminal law,it is untenable to totally oppose the involvement of criminal law in patent protection on the grounds that patents are private rights with uncertainties and exist technical problems in patent case trial.Criminal legislation on patents should be switched from“right remedies”to“legal interest remedies”,so as to refactor relevant objects of patent offenses,and criminalization of invention patent infringements.