亚里士多德论知识和理性洞见——关于《后分析篇》II.19的知识论阐明

Aristotle on Epistēmēand Nous:An Epistemological Interpretation of the

关于亚里士多德《后分析篇》中的知识论思想,尤其关于知识(epistēmē)和理性洞见(nous)各自的本性以及它们之间的关系,学界有许多不同的阐释和争论。在亚里士多德哲学中,严格意义上的知识是科学知识或证明性知识,它是由恰当的证明所达到的。证明需要基本前提即初始原理,而亚里士多德认为把握到它们的过程是归纳的过程,而把握到初始原理的认知品质是理性洞见,但这不是如有些学者所主张的那样是非命题性的认知形式,而是关于构成任意一门科学辖域之主题的诸本质之定义的把握。

Regarding the epistemological thoughts in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics,especially in regard to the nature of Epistēmēand Nous,there are many different interpretations and debates in academia.In Aristotelian philosophy,Epistēmēin the strict sense is scientific knowledge or demonstrative knowledge,which is achieved by appropriate demonstration.A demonstration requires primitive premises or principles,and Aristotle believes that the process of grasping principles is an inductive process,and the state of grasping them is Nous,which is not a non-propositional form of cognition as some scholars claim,but primarily a state of grasping of the definitions which formulate the essences which constitute the subject matter of any given science.