易地扶贫搬迁农户生计资本变化分析——以山西省河曲县807个易地扶贫搬迁农户调查数据为例

Research on the changes of livelihood capital and Livelihood Strategies of rural households under poverty-alleviation relocation project——A case study of Hequ County in Shanxi Province

根据山西省河曲县807个易地扶贫搬迁农户的调查数据,构建生计资本指标体系,对比分析易地搬迁前后农户生计资本变化,运用二元Logistic模型分析搬迁农户生计策略选择的影响因素,结果表明:易地扶贫搬迁政策的实施损伤了农户的自然资本,但促进物质资本、金融资本、人力资本、社会资本以及生计资本总值的提升;物质资本和人力资本对搬迁农户的生计策略选择的影响较大,生计资本各项指标中有八个指标对搬迁农户的生计策略选择有显著的正向影响,促使农户继续从事农业生产;三个指标对搬迁农户的生计策略有显著的负向影响,促进农户生计策略向非农型转变。总之,人力资本对易地扶贫搬迁农户的生计策略选择的影响较大。政府应构建创业就业支持服务体系,加强搬迁农户的技能培训,促进搬迁农户人力资本的提升,合理利用原有耕地,增加搬迁农户财产性收入。

Based on the survey of 807 poverty-alleviation relocated households in Hequ County of Shanxi Province,this paper constructs an index system of livelihood capital,compares and analyzes livelihood capital changes of rural households before and after relocation,then analyzes the influencing factors of farmers'livelihood strategy choices with binary Logistic model.The results show that:The implementation of poverty-alleviation relocation policy damages the natural capital of rural households,while increases physical capital,financial capital,human capital,social capital,and the total value of livelihood capital;Physical capital and human capital place significant impact on livelihood strategy selection for relocated households.Eight variables of livelihood capital index system place a significant positive impact on the livelihood strategy selection of the relocated households,and promote farmers to continue to engage in agricultural production;while three variables place a significant negative impact on the livelihood strategy and promote the transformation of farmers'livelihood strategies to non-agricultural strategies.Overall,human capital impacts the selection of livelihood strategies of relocated households significantly.The government should build an entrepreneurship and employment support system,strengthen skill-training to promote the improvement of the human capital of the relocated farmers,and make rational use of original farmland to increase the property income of the relocated households.