货币演进视角下的法定数字货币再认识

Re-Recognition of Legal Digital Currency from the Perspective of Currency Evolution

自比特币诞生以来,金融体系迎来了货币演进过程中的新事物——数字货币。此后关于数字货币能否取代信用纸币成为货币新形态的争论层出不穷。本文从货币演进过程出发,对货币演进的主要标志货币形态和信用背书进行了分析,并从货币形态和信用背书两个方面对私人数字货币和法定数字货币进行再认识。私人数字货币并非货币演进的发展方向,其为货币演进过程中一个特定阶段的产物,法定数字货币才是货币演进的方向。法定数字货币的出现将会在两个方面深刻改变货币演进过程:其一将会对信用纸币货币形式产生有效替代;其二是将颠覆未来国际货币体系基本格局。为了应对即将到来的法定数字货币时代,应从金融基础设施建设、监管方式完善和货币政策运行机制探索等方面完善配套体系。

Since the birth of Bitcoin,the financial system has ushered in a new thing in the process of curren⁃cy evolution--digital currency.Since then,there have been endless debates about whether digital currency can re⁃place credit banknotes as a new form of currency.Starting from the process of currency evolution,this article ana⁃lyzes the currency form and credit endorsement,which are the main symbols of currency evolution,and re-recog⁃nizes private digital currency and legal digital currency from two aspects:currency form and credit endorsement.Private digital currency is not the direction of currency evolution.It is a product of a specific stage in the process of currency evolution.Legal digital currency is the direction of currency evolution.The emergence of legal digital currency will profoundly change the evolution of money in two aspects:one will effectively replace the form of cred⁃it paper money;the second will subvert the basic pattern of the future international monetary system.In order to cope with the upcoming era of legal digital currency,the supporting system should be improved in terms of finan⁃cial infrastructure construction,regulatory methods,and exploration of monetary policy operating mechanisms.