从《金瓶梅》里性爱的张扬看晚明市民阶层的活力

On the vitality of the citizen stratum in the late Ming Dynasty from the publicity of sexual love of Jin Ping Mei

作为中国第一部文人独创的世情长篇小说,《金瓶梅》以托宋言明的方法较为全面地反映了晚明市民阶层的生活全景与精神风貌。书中关于性行为大胆而裸露的描写看似是在诲淫,实际上是塑造小说人物性情和形象的需要。更为重要的是,晚明时期这些市民在性爱上的张扬,尽管陷入了矫枉过正导致的自我毁灭之中,但是,这也体现了市民们人性主体意识的复苏。市民们在纵欲与进取的同时演绎着晚明市民阶层的活力:强调扩大再生产;以合同来巩固雇佣与被雇佣的生产关系;重视商业信誉;善于激励;多样化经营策略等。

As China’ s first novel about human relationship created by literati, Jin Ping Mei comprehensively reflected the life panorama and spiritual outlook of the citizens in the late Ming Dynasty by pretending to describe Song Dynasty. The bold and naked description of sexual behavior in the book seemed to be obscenity, but in fact, it was the need to shape the character’ s temperament and image. What’ s more, in the late Ming Dynasty, the publicity of these citizens in sexual love, although falling into the madness of self-destruction caused by overcorrection, also reflected the recovery of the citizens’ subjective consciousness of human nature. The citizens were making progress while indulging. They demonstrated the vitality of the citizens in the late Ming Dynasty: emphasizing the expansion of reproduction;consolidating the production relationship in employment by contract;attaching importance to business reputation;being good at motivation;and diversifying business strategies and so forth.