居家腹膜透析患者症状群研究

Analysis of the symptom clusters of home-based peritoneal dialysis patients

目的调查居家腹膜透析患者症状发生情况,并探讨其症状群分类。方法通过方便抽样的方法,采用一般资料调查表、透析症状评估量表对2019年1月至12月广西某三级甲等综合医院腹膜透析门诊188例居家腹膜透析患者调查症状发生率、症状严重程度,采用探索性因子分析进行症状群分类。结果居家腹膜透析患者共经历(12.02±4.66)个症状,症状发生率前5位依次是乏力、口干、皮肤干燥、入睡困难、瘙痒,症状严重程度得分前5位依次是瘙痒(2.20±0.78)分、入睡困难(2.18±0.74)分、头痛(2.08±0.76)分、皮肤干燥(2.07±0.69)分、乏力(2.05±0.70)分,探索性因子分析得出5类症状群心理症状群、水电解质症状群、能量症状群、消化道症状群、皮肤症状群。结论居家腹膜透析患者经历多种症状,症状发生率和严重程度高,且症状之间可构成症状群,为今后临床护理人员采取有效的症状群管理策略提供科学参考依据。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of symptoms of home-based peritoneal dialysis(PD)patients and explore the classification of symptoms clusters.Methods A total of 188 home-based PD patients from January 2019 to December 2019 in a Guangxi 3A-level general hospital peritoneal dialysis clinic department were investigated about the occurance and seventy of symptoms by general data questionnaire and Dialysis Symptom Index,explorative factor analysis was used to clarity symptom clusters.Results Home-based peritoned dialysis patients experienced(12.02±4.66)symptom.Fatigue,dry mouth,dry skin,trouble staying asleep,and pruritus were top five in symptom prevalence during home-based PD patients.In addition,the tops'severe symptoms were pruritus(2.20±0.78),trouble staying asleep(2.18±0.74),headache(2.08±0.76),dry skin(2.07±0.69),and fatigued(2.05±0.70).There were 5 types'symptom clusters including emotional cluster,electrolyte cluster,energy cluster,gastrointestinal cluster,and skin cluster by exploratory factor analysis.Conclusion Home-based PD patients experience multiple symptoms,with severity and heavy burden,effective symptom clusters'strategies should be used to reduce patients'symptoms.