隐含及其相关问题的理论研究

Theoretical Research on Implicitness and Relevant Issues

隐含是一种语言符号表达层面与内容层面不符的现象,是语言单位和言语产品间接表达出来的意义、意思和内容,具有不对称性、两层面性、间接性、可获知性、非单义性、与显性成分相互作用与联系等特征。区分与隐含密切相关的术语,如潜台词、蕴涵、预设、含意和省略等,对科学、严谨地展开论述十分必要。根据语言与言语的对立关系,可以划分出语言隐含和言语隐含;根据语言系统中隐含物质载体的层级,可以划分出形态层次、词汇层次、句子层次和超句层次的隐含。

As a phenomenon of asymmetry between expression and content of language symbols,implicitness is the indirectly expressed meaning of language units and speech products,which has the characteristics:asymmetry,twolevels,indirection,intelligibility,polysemy and interaction with explicit components.It is necessary to distinguish concepts that are related to implicitness such as"subtext","implication","presupposition","implicature"and"ellipsis".According to the opposite relation of language and speech,implicitness can be divided into language implicitness and speech implicitness.On the basis of material carriers in language system,implicitness can be divided into implicitness of morphological level,vocabulary level,syntactic level and super-phrase level.