中古《诸病源候论》疫疠观及后世内涵变迁

Exegesis of Epidemic Diseases in Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases between the Three Kingdoms Period to the Tang Dynasty and Its Connotation Changes in Later Ages

隋代敕修的病候学专著《诸病源候论》的疫疠病候与伤寒病、时气病、热病和温病等并列论述,厘清了汉以前瘟疫、疫疠混称的局面。从而在中古时期官方医学语词意涵下,疫疠病候在瘟疫范畴中具备专门含义。随着后世医学认识的变迁,使得近现代辞书不能准确阐释《诸病源候论》的疫疠病候,故有必要对其进行疏义并简要纵览后世内涵变迁。由此可知,不同时代医书的疾病名称分类变化,反映着相关疾病的学术流变。因而研究疾病的相关学术脉络,观照疾病名称概念的历史流动性,才能更加准确地使用古代医学文献中的疾病语词,更为客观地还原时情时景。

In the imperial edictal symptomology monograph of the Sui Dynasty,Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases,epidemic diseases syndromes,cold damage diseases,seasonal diseases,fever and febrile diseases were categorized.The book clarified rambling terms of pestilence and epidemic diseases before the Han dynasty.Hence,epidemic diseases and syndromes were given specific meanings in official medical language at that time.However,with the changes in the meaning of epidemic diseases in later generations,modern dictionaries cannot accurately explain epidemic diseases in Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the meaning and its brief overview of the historical evolution of the classification of epidemic diseases.It can be seen that the classification of terms in medical books in different eras reflects the academic evolution of related diseases.Only by studying the academic evolution of diseases and observing the historical fluidity of terms in ancient medical literature can we use them more accurately and reconstruct the scene at that time more objectively.